{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967701561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","title":"Evaluation of Four Supervised Learning Methods for Benthic Habitat Mapping Using Backscatter from Multi-Beam Sonar","display_name":"Evaluation of Four Supervised Learning Methods for Benthic Habitat Mapping Using Backscatter from Multi-Beam Sonar","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967701561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","mag":"1967701561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4113427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/11/3427/pdf?version=1403131224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/11/3427/pdf?version=1403131224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065819825","display_name":"Rozaimi Che Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["AU","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rozaimi Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075734722","display_name":"Daniel Ierodiaconou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-4801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ierodiaconou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008937983","display_name":"Jacquomo Monk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-0619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacquomo Monk","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life &amp; Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075734722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.4933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9397095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"11","first_page":"3427","last_page":"3443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5853840112686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5851650238037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5582818388938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-habitat","display_name":"Benthic habitat","score":0.533683717250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.5236204266548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-sounding","display_name":"Echo sounding","score":0.49947404861450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.48575475811958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4779807925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.47603797912597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.45264697074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-zone","display_name":"Benthic zone","score":0.4247300326824188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.41270583868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3238224387168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23565611243247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.18357017636299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06921449303627014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5853840112686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5851650238037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5582818388938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993018843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic habitat","level":3,"score":0.533683717250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.5236204266548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50254455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164536","display_name":"Echo sounding","level":2,"score":0.49947404861450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.48575475811958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4779807925224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.47603797912597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45264697074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.4247300326824188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.41270583868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3238224387168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23565611243247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.18357017636299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06921449303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4113427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/11/3427/pdf?version=1403131224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:99548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/99548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:555e01b97e624f338a3c8764991c0bd8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/555e01b97e624f338a3c8764991c0bd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 4, Iss 11, Pp 3427-3443 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30051599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22923257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Evaluation_of_four_supervised_learning_methods_for_benthic_habitat_mapping_using_backscatter_from_multi-beam_sonar/22923257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/4/11/3427/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 4; Issue 11; Pages: 3427-3443","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4113427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4113427","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/11/3427/pdf?version=1403131224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311872","display_name":"Parks Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/025esa616"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334731","display_name":"Caring for our Country","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967701561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1967701561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94571269","https://openalex.org/W154607504","https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1514264218","https://openalex.org/W1964046456","https://openalex.org/W1964443764","https://openalex.org/W1977609042","https://openalex.org/W1984707318","https://openalex.org/W1990808240","https://openalex.org/W1997443969","https://openalex.org/W2006641393","https://openalex.org/W2030912020","https://openalex.org/W2031895548","https://openalex.org/W2033882318","https://openalex.org/W2034395967","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2038432816","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2058918354","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2068072126","https://openalex.org/W2069406300","https://openalex.org/W2076656703","https://openalex.org/W2105536892","https://openalex.org/W2110188672","https://openalex.org/W2133469759","https://openalex.org/W2136573337","https://openalex.org/W2138245312","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2139086914","https://openalex.org/W2139567005","https://openalex.org/W2146447144","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161786948","https://openalex.org/W2171436937","https://openalex.org/W2485417868","https://openalex.org/W2494874142","https://openalex.org/W2556239419","https://openalex.org/W2687461703","https://openalex.org/W2895507509","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W6603851545","https://openalex.org/W6669567902","https://openalex.org/W6739599683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969540503","https://openalex.org/W3032103819","https://openalex.org/W2161651281","https://openalex.org/W4296994667","https://openalex.org/W2916445283","https://openalex.org/W4231347006","https://openalex.org/W1993199764","https://openalex.org/W2071838477","https://openalex.org/W3093777017","https://openalex.org/W1640259099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"understanding":[1,204],"of":[2,7,15,30,38,54,62,68,96,100,109,216],"the":[3,13,28,36,52,69,94,97,174,190,214],"distribution":[4],"and":[5,141,171,180,196],"extent":[6],"marine":[8,25,91,217],"habitats":[9],"is":[10,106,126],"essential":[11],"for":[12,42,87,165,203,213],"implementation":[14],"ecosystem-based":[16],"management":[17],"strategies.":[18],"Historically":[19],"this":[20],"had":[21],"been":[22],"difficult":[23],"in":[24,90],"environments":[26],"until":[27],"advancement":[29,53],"acoustic":[31,104,110,206],"sensors.":[32],"This":[33,198],"study":[34,199],"demonstrates":[35],"applicability":[37],"supervised":[39,118],"learning":[40,75,119],"techniques":[41],"benthic":[43,123,218],"habitat":[44,88,124,154],"characterization":[45,89,215],"using":[46,103,115,156],"angular":[47,150],"backscatter":[48,111,151,186,207],"response":[49,152],"data.":[50],"With":[51],"multibeam":[55],"echo-sounder":[56],"(MBES)":[57],"technology,":[58],"full":[59],"coverage":[60],"datasets":[61],"physical":[63],"structure":[64],"over":[65],"vast":[66],"regions":[67],"seafloor":[70],"are":[71],"now":[72],"achievable.":[73],"Supervised":[74],"methods":[76,120],"typically":[77],"applied":[78],"to":[79,121,148],"terrestrial":[80],"remote":[81],"sensing":[82],"provide":[83],"a":[84],"cost-effective":[85],"approach":[86],"systems.":[92],"However":[93],"comparison":[95],"relative":[98],"performance":[99],"different":[101,117],"classifiers":[102],"data":[105,112,158,187],"limited.":[107],"Characterization":[108],"from":[113,160,189,208],"MBES":[114,209],"four":[116],"generate":[122],"maps":[125],"presented.":[127],"Maximum":[128],"Likelihood":[129],"Classifier":[130],"(MLC),":[131],"Quick,":[132],"Unbiased,":[133],"Efficient":[134],"Statistical":[135],"Tree":[136],"(QUEST),":[137],"Random":[138],"Forest":[139],"(RF)":[140],"Support":[142],"Vector":[143],"Machine":[144],"(SVM)":[145],"were":[146,188],"evaluated":[147],"classify":[149],"into":[153],"classes":[155],"training":[157],"acquired":[159],"underwater":[161],"video":[162],"observations.":[163],"Results":[164],"biota":[166],"classifications":[167],"indicated":[168],"that":[169],"SVM":[170],"RF":[172],"produced":[173],"highest":[175],"accuracies,":[176],"followed":[177],"by":[178],"QUEST":[179],"MLC,":[181],"respectively.":[182],"The":[183],"most":[184],"important":[185],"moderate":[191],"incidence":[192],"angles":[193],"between":[194],"30\u00b0":[195],"50\u00b0.":[197],"presents":[200],"initial":[201],"results":[202],"how":[205],"can":[210],"be":[211],"optimized":[212],"biological":[219],"habitats.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
