{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033551223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","title":"Improving the Precision of Tree Counting by Combining Tree Detection with Crown Delineation and Classification on Homogeneity Guided Smoothed High Resolution (50 cm) Multispectral Airborne Digital Data","display_name":"Improving the Precision of Tree Counting by Combining Tree Detection with Crown Delineation and Classification on Homogeneity Guided Smoothed High Resolution (50 cm) Multispectral Airborne Digital Data","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033551223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","mag":"2033551223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/5/1411/pdf?version=1403129985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/5/1411/pdf?version=1403129985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113821103","display_name":"Masato Katoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masato Katoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education and Research Center of Alpine Field Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa-Vill, Nagano 399-4598, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education and Research Center of Alpine Field Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa-Vill, Nagano 399-4598, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023023245","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois A. Gougeon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281735042","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois A. Gougeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Forestry Center, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113821103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8034,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84168994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"1411","last_page":"1424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larix-kaempferi","display_name":"Larix kaempferi","score":0.6942437887191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.6057085990905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.557742714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larch","display_name":"Larch","score":0.551769495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/understory","display_name":"Understory","score":0.546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.5404077768325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chamaecyparis","display_name":"Chamaecyparis","score":0.5110284090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4686887562274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40882569551467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.35750246047973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33506736159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19769105315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.18758875131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11916947364807129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778954545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147439","display_name":"Larix kaempferi","level":3,"score":0.6942437887191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.6057085990905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.557742714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25618","display_name":"Larch","level":2,"score":0.551769495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139669111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422666","display_name":"Understory","level":3,"score":0.546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.5404077768325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776621788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147791","display_name":"Chamaecyparis","level":2,"score":0.5110284090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4686887562274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40882569551467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.35750246047973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33506736159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19769105315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.18758875131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11916947364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/5/1411/pdf?version=1403129985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://soar-ir.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/10273/files/Improving_Precision_Tree_Counting_Combining_Tree_Detection_Crown_Delineation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402150","display_name":"SOAR (Shinshu University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","host_organization_name":"Shinshu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d41dfd8ff958424d9afe74fac7b36c13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d41dfd8ff958424d9afe74fac7b36c13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 4, Iss 5, Pp 1411-1424 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/4/5/1411/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 4; Issue 5; Pages: 1411-1424","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs4051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/4/5/1411/pdf?version=1403129985","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033551223.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2033551223.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106172506","https://openalex.org/W1522370673","https://openalex.org/W1606936601","https://openalex.org/W1984839778","https://openalex.org/W1993956929","https://openalex.org/W1995382680","https://openalex.org/W2044359639","https://openalex.org/W2061274743","https://openalex.org/W2081597720","https://openalex.org/W2144158466","https://openalex.org/W2156747007","https://openalex.org/W2159105546","https://openalex.org/W2495502969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361279732","https://openalex.org/W4237824937","https://openalex.org/W1492480533","https://openalex.org/W2777367420","https://openalex.org/W4292764132","https://openalex.org/W1994157518","https://openalex.org/W4309866973","https://openalex.org/W2978773352","https://openalex.org/W2317418618","https://openalex.org/W1487424150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1,38],"of":[2,6,51,61,101,104,116,126,152,167,179],"counting":[3],"the":[4,45,55,58,73,87,99,102,127,165,177,193],"number":[5,60,103,115],"coniferous":[7],"trees":[8,62,105,117,149,174],"by":[9,16,107,118,191],"species":[10,108,119,129],"within":[11],"forest":[12,186,201],"compartments":[13],"was":[14,39,65,109,122],"developed":[15],"combining":[17],"an":[18],"individual":[19,74],"tree":[20,75],"crown":[21,76],"delineation":[22,77],"technique":[23,78,90],"with":[24,124],"a":[25,200,222],"treetop":[26,88],"detection":[27,89],"technique,":[28],"using":[29],"high":[30],"spatial":[31],"resolution":[32],"optical":[33],"sensor":[34],"data.":[35],"When":[36],"this":[37,197],"verified":[40],"against":[41],"field":[42],"data":[43],"from":[44,132,143,196],"Shinshu":[46],"University":[47],"Campus":[48],"Forest":[49],"composed":[50],"various":[52],"cover":[53],"types,":[54],"accuracy":[56,100],"for":[57,136,147,176,211],"total":[59,114],"per":[63,120],"stand":[64,121],"higher":[66,223],"than":[67,84,96,111],"84%.":[68,112],"This":[69,206],"shows":[70],"improvements":[71],"over":[72],"alone":[79,91],"which":[80,92,220],"had":[81,93],"accuracies":[82,94],"lower":[83,95],"62%,":[85],"or":[86],"78%.":[97],"However,":[98],"classified":[106],"less":[110],"The":[113,157],"improved":[123],"exclusion":[125],"understory":[128,155],"and":[130,139,142,172,182],"ranged":[131],"45.2%":[133],"to":[134,145,164,216],"93.8%":[135],"Chamaecyparis":[137],"obtusa":[138,181],"C.":[140,180,183],"pisifera":[141],"37.9%":[144],"98.1%":[146],"broad-leaved":[148,173],"because":[150],"many":[151],"these":[153],"were":[154],"species.":[156],"better":[158],"overall":[159],"results":[160],"are":[161],"attributable":[162],"primarily":[163],"overestimation":[166],"Pinus":[168],"densiflora,":[169],"Larix":[170],"kaempferi":[171],"compensating":[175],"underestimation":[178],"pisifera.":[184],"Practical":[185],"management":[187],"can":[188],"be":[189],"enhanced":[190],"registering":[192],"output":[194],"resulting":[195],"technology":[198],"in":[199],"geographical":[202],"information":[203],"system":[204],"database.":[205],"approach":[207],"is":[208],"mostly":[209],"useful":[210],"conifer":[212],"plantations":[213],"containing":[214],"medium":[215],"old":[217],"age":[218],"trees,":[219],"have":[221],"timber":[224],"value.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}