{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048104909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","title":"A New Approach to Change Vector Analysis Using Distance and Similarity Measures","display_name":"A New Approach to Change Vector Analysis Using Distance and Similarity Measures","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048104909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","mag":"2048104909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3112473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/11/2473/pdf?version=1403129366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/11/2473/pdf?version=1403129366","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083036615","display_name":"Osmar Ab\u00edlio de Carvalho J\u00fanior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-1684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osmar A. Carvalho J\u00fanior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-1684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057329014","display_name":"Renato Fontes Guimar\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renato F. Guimar\u00e3es","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-043X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113996445","display_name":"Alan R. Gillespie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156930","display_name":"Earth and Space Research","ror":"https://ror.org/055mfda29","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan R. Gillespie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022752551","display_name":"Nilton Correia da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018035901","display_name":"Universidade Evangelica de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/02zpkjt27","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018035901"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilton C. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Universit\u00e1rio de An\u00e1polis (Unievang\u00e9lica), Avenida Universit\u00e1ria km 3,5, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, An\u00e1polis, GO CEP. 75083-515, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio de An\u00e1polis (Unievang\u00e9lica), Avenida Universit\u00e1ria km 3,5, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, An\u00e1polis, GO CEP. 75083-515, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018035901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056966645","display_name":"Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-4064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150729083","display_name":"Universidade de Bras\u00edlia","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfp8v59","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto A. T. Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geografia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia (UnB), Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Bras\u00edlia, DF CEP. 70910-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057329014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150729083"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":7.7062,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97381172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"11","first_page":"2473","last_page":"2493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.8072508573532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.7045938372612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.632323145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.5675263404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.47429755330085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigonometric-functions","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","score":0.4622623026371002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4523424208164215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.441951721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43390628695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-vector","display_name":"Euclidean vector","score":0.4200412333011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-measures","display_name":"Distance measures","score":0.4109693467617035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3728128671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34141266345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1832980215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17749878764152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17142242193222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13545629382133484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.8072508573532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.7045938372612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.632323145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.5675263404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.47429755330085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.4622623026371002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4523424208164215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4462048411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.441951721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43390628695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118965365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44528","display_name":"Euclidean vector","level":2,"score":0.4200412333011627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2639959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344778","display_name":"Distance measures","level":2,"score":0.4109693467617035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3728128671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34141266345977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1832980215549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17749878764152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17142242193222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13545629382133484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3112473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/11/2473/pdf?version=1403129366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36cb2d28908a4f6ab7b17a9f3bf17886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/36cb2d28908a4f6ab7b17a9f3bf17886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 3, Iss 11, Pp 2473-2493 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/3/11/2473/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 3; Issue 11; Pages: 2473-2493","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3112473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3112473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/11/2473/pdf?version=1403129366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2048104909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2048104909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86633742","https://openalex.org/W120907723","https://openalex.org/W408305008","https://openalex.org/W586873383","https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1491831832","https://openalex.org/W1499255288","https://openalex.org/W1519984810","https://openalex.org/W1965852574","https://openalex.org/W1985671643","https://openalex.org/W1992093906","https://openalex.org/W1994508789","https://openalex.org/W2010319424","https://openalex.org/W2016090135","https://openalex.org/W2023847826","https://openalex.org/W2024364373","https://openalex.org/W2044542525","https://openalex.org/W2056000912","https://openalex.org/W2058860098","https://openalex.org/W2064552842","https://openalex.org/W2076576187","https://openalex.org/W2084130308","https://openalex.org/W2088322237","https://openalex.org/W2088392889","https://openalex.org/W2105756833","https://openalex.org/W2109205984","https://openalex.org/W2136369781","https://openalex.org/W2153857475","https://openalex.org/W2161001197","https://openalex.org/W2161570034","https://openalex.org/W2166130188","https://openalex.org/W2167093797","https://openalex.org/W2169394799","https://openalex.org/W2463238921","https://openalex.org/W4250699182","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301415287","https://openalex.org/W6604830333","https://openalex.org/W6614064147","https://openalex.org/W6684758714","https://openalex.org/W6719124172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008107235","https://openalex.org/W2169159254","https://openalex.org/W2183624858","https://openalex.org/W2434201124","https://openalex.org/W149647761","https://openalex.org/W1996118086","https://openalex.org/W1973243276","https://openalex.org/W2137617983","https://openalex.org/W1960168474","https://openalex.org/W2951422789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,114,179],"need":[1,191],"to":[2,57,79,96,131,192],"monitor":[3],"the":[4,34,50,59,66,70,80,98,104,137,141,150,156,162,167,171,183],"Earth\u2019s":[5],"surface":[6],"over":[7],"a":[8,26,87,93,124],"range":[9],"of":[10,29,38,49,72,82,101,117,127,140],"spatial":[11],"and":[12,20,36,85,108,154,170,185,190],"temporal":[13],"scales":[14],"is":[15,25,65,77,120],"fundamental":[16],"in":[17,146],"ecosystems":[18],"planning":[19],"management.":[21],"Change-Vector":[22],"Analysis":[23],"(CVA)":[24],"bi-temporal":[27],"method":[28],"change":[30,39,128],"detection":[31],"that":[32,121,182],"considers":[33],"magnitude":[35,138,164],"direction":[37,51,60,67,74,100],"vector.":[40],"However,":[41],"many":[42],"multispectral":[43],"applications":[44],"do":[45],"not":[46],"make":[47],"use":[48],"component.":[52],"procedure":[54],"most":[55],"used":[56],"calculate":[58,97],"component":[61,139],"using":[62,103],"multiband":[63],"data":[64],"cosine,":[68],"but":[69],"number":[71,81],"output":[73],"cosine":[75],"images":[76],"equal":[78],"original":[83],"bands":[84],"has":[86],"complex":[88],"interpretation.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91,136],"proposes":[92],"new":[94],"approach":[95,119],"spectral":[99,142],"change,":[102],"Spectral":[105,109,176],"Angle":[106,177],"Mapper":[107,111],"Correlation":[110],"spectral-similarity":[112],"measures.":[113],"chief":[115],"advantage":[116],"this":[118,135,160],"it":[122],"generates":[123],"single":[125],"image":[126],"information":[129],"insensitive":[130],"illumination":[132],"variation.":[133],"In":[134,159],"similarity":[143,173,186],"was":[144,166,175],"calculated":[145],"two":[147],"ways:":[148],"as":[149,155],"standard":[151],"Euclidean":[152,168],"distance":[153,169,184],"Mahalanobis":[157],"distance.":[158],"test":[161],"best":[163,172],"measure":[165,174],"Mapper.":[178],"results":[180],"show":[181],"measures":[187],"are":[188],"complementary":[189],"be":[193],"applied":[194],"together.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}