{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990372984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","title":"Segment-Based Land Cover Mapping of a Suburban Area\u2014Comparison of High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Datasets Using Classification Trees and Test Field Points","display_name":"Segment-Based Land Cover Mapping of a Suburban Area\u2014Comparison of High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Datasets Using Classification Trees and Test Field Points","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990372984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","mag":"1990372984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3081777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/8/1777/pdf?version=1403129316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/8/1777/pdf?version=1403129316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069256250","display_name":"Leena Matikainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leena Matikainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020674648","display_name":"Kirsi Karila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-4457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsi Karila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, P.O. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069256250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88741152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"8","first_page":"1777","last_page":"1804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7164732217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.65111243724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6043970584869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5633397102355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5498353838920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4968753159046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.45385676622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42247089743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.4210393726825714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.4181445837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.20352739095687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14477968215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09974691271781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.06277212500572205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7164732217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.65111243724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6043970584869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5633397102355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5498353838920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4968753159046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.45385676622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42247089743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.4210393726825714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.4181445837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.20352739095687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14477968215942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09974691271781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.06277212500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3081777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/8/1777/pdf?version=1403129316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecc2c06f1acb48168df58333a2bb0b9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecc2c06f1acb48168df58333a2bb0b9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 3, Iss 8, Pp 1777-1804 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/3/8/1777/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3081777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3081777","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/8/1777/pdf?version=1403129316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1990372984.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W946622","https://openalex.org/W29643851","https://openalex.org/W82879349","https://openalex.org/W169859714","https://openalex.org/W303762037","https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1839938186","https://openalex.org/W1964552943","https://openalex.org/W1966594244","https://openalex.org/W1981967583","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1987155626","https://openalex.org/W1993307196","https://openalex.org/W2008477163","https://openalex.org/W2019545415","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2031126308","https://openalex.org/W2032729760","https://openalex.org/W2034385314","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2040535921","https://openalex.org/W2042297290","https://openalex.org/W2073056054","https://openalex.org/W2087951500","https://openalex.org/W2094812637","https://openalex.org/W2095235729","https://openalex.org/W2098086956","https://openalex.org/W2100714408","https://openalex.org/W2101197957","https://openalex.org/W2104803300","https://openalex.org/W2115758154","https://openalex.org/W2124571274","https://openalex.org/W2132685580","https://openalex.org/W2134962551","https://openalex.org/W2137027839","https://openalex.org/W2146534786","https://openalex.org/W2147289180","https://openalex.org/W2152449524","https://openalex.org/W2153633422","https://openalex.org/W2157927590","https://openalex.org/W2158770403","https://openalex.org/W2159957997","https://openalex.org/W2160699216","https://openalex.org/W2290575583","https://openalex.org/W2324364085","https://openalex.org/W2341389651","https://openalex.org/W2399398193","https://openalex.org/W2478677049","https://openalex.org/W2535243374","https://openalex.org/W2592832390","https://openalex.org/W2883830806","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W3004652575","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W6675078404","https://openalex.org/W6721710867","https://openalex.org/W6773629256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W897367340","https://openalex.org/W2946859545","https://openalex.org/W2056469872","https://openalex.org/W4252521546","https://openalex.org/W2183753145","https://openalex.org/W1486212407","https://openalex.org/W2055985996","https://openalex.org/W1976712134","https://openalex.org/W2374999813","https://openalex.org/W2374342360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26],"order":[1],"to":[2,139,222],"better":[3],"understand":[4],"and":[5,50,69,73,91,107,142,149,168,183,197,204,226],"exploit":[6],"the":[7,29,108,115,158,177,186,191,209],"rich":[8],"information":[9],"content":[10],"of":[11,32,114,190,207,219],"new":[12,220],"remotely":[13],"sensed":[14],"datasets,":[15],"there":[16],"is":[17,213],"a":[18,33,55,104,202],"need":[19],"for":[20,85,176,216,228],"comparative":[21],"land":[22,229],"cover":[23,230],"classification":[24,31,83,109,194],"studies.":[25],"this":[27],"study,":[28],"automatic":[30],"suburban":[34],"area":[35,106],"was":[36,80,117,185],"investigated":[37],"by":[38,97,119],"using":[39,98,120],"(1)":[40],"digital":[41,46],"aerial":[42,47],"image":[43,48],"data;":[44,53,68],"(2)":[45],"data":[49,72,136],"laser":[51,74,134],"scanner":[52,75,135],"(3)":[54],"high-resolution":[56,62],"optical":[57],"QuickBird":[58],"satellite":[59],"image;":[60],"(4)":[61],"airborne":[63],"synthetic":[64],"aperture":[65],"radar":[66],"(SAR)":[67],"(5)":[70],"SAR":[71],"data.":[76],"A":[77],"segment-based":[78],"approach":[79,212],"applied.":[81],"The":[82,112,127,154,193,211],"rules":[84],"distinguishing":[86],"buildings,":[87],"trees,":[88],"vegetated":[89],"ground,":[90],"non-vegetated":[92],"ground":[93],"were":[94,131,137,161],"created":[95],"automatically":[96],"permanent":[99],"test":[100,121,198],"field":[101,122,199],"points":[102,123,200],"in":[103,124,146,151,157,180],"training":[105],"tree":[110,195],"method.":[111],"accuracy":[113,179],"results":[116],"evaluated":[118],"validation":[125],"areas.":[126],"highest":[128],"overall":[129,155],"accuracies":[130,156],"obtained":[132],"when":[133],"used":[138],"separate":[140],"high":[141],"low":[143],"objects:":[144],"97%":[145],"Test":[147,152],"2,":[148],"82%":[150],"5.":[153],"other":[159],"tests":[160],"74%":[162],"(Test":[163,166,170],"1),":[164],"67%":[165],"3),":[167],"68%":[169],"4).":[171],"An":[172],"important":[173],"contributing":[174],"factor":[175],"lower":[178,187],"Tests":[181],"3":[182],"4":[184],"spatial":[188],"resolution":[189],"datasets.":[192],"method":[196],"provided":[201],"feasible":[203],"automated":[205],"means":[206],"comparing":[208],"classifications.":[210],"well":[214],"suited":[215],"rapid":[217],"analyses":[218],"datasets":[221],"predict":[223],"their":[224],"quality":[225],"potential":[227],"classification.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}