{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071309844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071365","title":"Transmittance of Airborne Laser Scanning Pulses for Boreal Forest Elevation Modeling","display_name":"Transmittance of Airborne Laser Scanning Pulses for Boreal Forest Elevation Modeling","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071309844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071365","mag":"2071309844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3071365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071365","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/7/1365/pdf?version=1403129295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/7/1365/pdf?version=1403129295","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020766583","display_name":"Eero Ahokas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6555-3752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eero Ahokas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018804090","display_name":"Xiaowei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-0613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061837252","display_name":"Markus Holopainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-8671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Holopainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020766583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.00128662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78562259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"7","first_page":"1365","last_page":"1379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.7745294570922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.6801415085792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6265593767166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5771779417991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmittance","display_name":"Transmittance","score":0.5713924765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5067394375801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.47775450348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.3579111099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3216104507446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21460571885108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.159650057554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1579168438911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10271167755126953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.7745294570922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.6801415085792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6265593767166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5771779417991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.5713924765586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5067394375801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.47775450348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3579111099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3216104507446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21460571885108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.159650057554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1579168438911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10271167755126953}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3071365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071365","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/7/1365/pdf?version=1403129295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4ca6a9377bb4533935de5c9772bd612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4ca6a9377bb4533935de5c9772bd612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 3, Iss 7, Pp 1365-1379 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/159658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/159658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3071365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3071365","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/7/1365/pdf?version=1403129295","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071309844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2071309844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84227776","https://openalex.org/W89144810","https://openalex.org/W166210435","https://openalex.org/W1982113941","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W2008070546","https://openalex.org/W2056769281","https://openalex.org/W2057992806","https://openalex.org/W2097631297","https://openalex.org/W2140151904","https://openalex.org/W2151843635","https://openalex.org/W2152583998","https://openalex.org/W2152904605","https://openalex.org/W2165016738","https://openalex.org/W2478614601","https://openalex.org/W2590058928","https://openalex.org/W2607443569","https://openalex.org/W4254780327","https://openalex.org/W6627933830","https://openalex.org/W6737089929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148155918","https://openalex.org/W2462682329","https://openalex.org/W4320725409","https://openalex.org/W2053526712","https://openalex.org/W2081468532","https://openalex.org/W4206741056","https://openalex.org/W2186192402","https://openalex.org/W2014835793","https://openalex.org/W3040595263","https://openalex.org/W1621772017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,132],"transmittance":[1,32],"of":[2,14,26,28,38,41,46,55,84,92,98,143,151,157,200,221,265],"laser":[3,59,241,253],"pulses":[4,42,159],"through":[5],"the":[6,20,24,36,39,47,52,74,99,125,129,141,149,152,155,163,178,182,193,198,210,228,232,275],"forest":[7,15,130,215],"canopy":[8,133],"was":[9,95,118],"studied":[10],"as":[11,35],"a":[12,44,63,90,188],"function":[13],"attributes":[16],"(inventory":[17],"parameters)":[18],"and":[19,109,128,243,257],"scanning":[21,60,126,168,183,211,233,242,254,263,281],"angle":[22,127,184,212],"from":[23,104],"point":[25],"view":[27],"elevation":[29,49,216],"modeling.":[30],"Here":[31],"is":[33,135,236,259],"defined":[34],"ratio":[37],"number":[40,54,83,142,156,199],"within":[43],"threshold":[45],"detected":[48],"model":[50],"to":[51,120,162,172,205,208,239,273],"total":[53,82],"transmitted":[56,158],"pulses.":[57],"Airborne":[58],"(ALS)":[61],"using":[62,167,278],"Leica":[64],"ALS50-II":[65],"scanner":[66],"took":[67],"place":[68],"on":[69,192,197],"25":[70],"July":[71],"2009":[72],"in":[73,78,112,175,227,255],"Evo":[75],"test":[76,87,100],"area":[77],"Southern":[79],"Finland.":[80],"circular":[85],"field":[86],"plots":[88,101],"with":[89,262],"radius":[91],"10":[93],"meters":[94],"246.":[96],"Several":[97],"were":[102],"observed":[103],"two":[105],"different":[106],"flight":[107],"lines,":[108],"this":[110],"resulted":[111],"454":[113],"observations.":[114],"Multiple":[115],"regression":[116],"analysis":[117],"applied":[119],"calculate":[121],"statistical":[122],"parameters":[123],"for":[124,213],"attributes.":[131],"layer":[134],"an":[136],"important":[137],"factor":[138],"that":[139,148,181],"influences":[140],"ground":[144,164,201],"hits.":[145,202],"We":[146],"found":[147],"characteristics":[150],"trees":[153],"determine":[154],"penetrating":[160],"down":[161],"level.":[165],"When":[166],"angles":[169,264],"between":[170],"0":[171],"15":[173],"degrees":[174],"forested":[176,250],"areas,":[177],"results":[179,276],"showed":[180],"did":[185],"not":[186],"have":[187],"statistically":[189],"significant":[190],"effect":[191],"vegetation":[194],"penetration":[195],"nor":[196],"It":[203],"appears":[204],"be":[206,225],"feasible":[207],"increase":[209],"boreal":[214],"modeling":[217],"if":[218],"some":[219],"degree":[220],"local":[222],"shadowing":[223],"can":[224],"accepted":[226],"data.":[229],"By":[230],"increasing":[231],"angle,":[234],"it":[235],"also":[237],"possible":[238],"perform":[240],"digital":[244],"aerial":[245],"photography":[246],"simultaneously":[247],"even":[248,279],"over":[249],"areas.":[251],"Nationwide":[252],"Finland":[256],"Sweden":[258],"carried":[260],"out":[261],"\u00b120":[266],"degrees,":[267],"but":[268],"further":[269],"studies":[270],"are":[271],"needed":[272],"assess":[274],"when":[277],"larger":[280],"angles.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}