{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072154712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","title":"Development of a New Ground Truth Database for Global Urban Area Mapping from a Gazetteer","display_name":"Development of a New Ground Truth Database for Global Urban Area Mapping from a Gazetteer","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072154712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","mag":"2072154712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3061177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/6/1177/pdf?version=1403129282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/6/1177/pdf?version=1403129282","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009668374","display_name":"Hiroyuki Miyazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Miyazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 435 General Research Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 435 General Research Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018120808","display_name":"Koki Iwao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9207-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki Iwao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105206953","display_name":"Ryosuke Shibasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-244X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Shibasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 435 General Research Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 435 General Research Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009668374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7419894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"6","first_page":"1177","last_page":"1187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6894973516464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.49730184674263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.49563920497894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.49013909697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4872967004776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4396141469478607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40760719776153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.37295249104499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36520683765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.33394771814346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.15797200798988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09872612357139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.08040761947631836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6894973516464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.49730184674263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.49563920497894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.49013909697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4872967004776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4396141469478607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40760719776153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.37295249104499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36520683765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.33394771814346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.15797200798988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09872612357139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.08040761947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3061177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/6/1177/pdf?version=1403129282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e05f3d8f35694ae2a1c0a3269625a289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e05f3d8f35694ae2a1c0a3269625a289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 3, Iss 6, Pp 1177-1187 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/3/6/1177/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3061177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061177","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/6/1177/pdf?version=1403129282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3236194794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874944895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752643416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311508","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321679","display_name":"Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/055tm7f07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334833","display_name":"Agency for Natural Resources and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/055tm7f07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2072154712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2072154712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98796014","https://openalex.org/W1554275095","https://openalex.org/W1999697646","https://openalex.org/W2000047929","https://openalex.org/W2014539031","https://openalex.org/W2032363537","https://openalex.org/W2040099150","https://openalex.org/W2102566458","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2164957454","https://openalex.org/W2168347486","https://openalex.org/W2170780721","https://openalex.org/W6633079954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63,124],"developed":[1],"a":[2],"ground":[3,59],"truth":[4,60],"database":[5,42,66,74,132,137],"for":[6],"urban":[7,27,35,46,82],"areas":[8],"from":[9],"the":[10,50,70,77,87,103,113,121,126],"Global":[11,97],"Rural-Urban":[12],"Mapping":[13],"Project":[14,73],"(GRUMP)":[15],"Settlement":[16],"Points":[17],"gazetteer":[18],"of":[19,79,130,135,145],"populated":[20],"place":[21],"names":[22],"by":[23],"visually":[24],"interpreting":[25],"3,734":[26],"points":[28,48],"on":[29],"satellite":[30],"images,":[31],"thus":[32],"acquiring":[33],"2,144":[34],"and":[36,138],"1,388":[37],"non-urban":[38],"data":[39,47,61],"points.":[40,62],"Our":[41],"contained":[43],"many":[44],"more":[45,143],"than":[49],"existing":[51],"databases,":[52],"which":[53,86],"had":[54],"only":[55],"0":[56],"to":[57,75],"11":[58],"used":[64],"our":[65,131],"in":[67],"combination":[68],"with":[69,133],"Degree":[71],"Confluence":[72],"assess":[76],"accuracy":[78,127],"eight":[80],"satellite-derived":[81],"area":[83],"maps,":[84],"among":[85],"MODIS":[88],"Terra":[89],"+":[90],"Aqua":[91],"Land":[92],"Cover":[93],"Type":[94],"Yearly":[95],"L3":[96],"500":[98],"m":[99],"SIN":[100],"Grid":[101],"was":[102],"most":[104,114,122],"accurate":[105],"(84%":[106],"overall":[107],"accuracy;":[108],"kappa":[109],"coefficient,":[110],"0.63).":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"recently":[115],"published":[116],"maps":[117],"were":[118],"not":[119],"necessarily":[120],"accurate.":[123],"compared":[125],"assessment":[128],"results":[129],"those":[134],"another":[136],"found":[139],"that":[140],"ours":[141],"detected":[142],"errors":[144],"commission":[146],"but":[147],"included":[148],"less":[149],"chance":[150],"agreement.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}