{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040181110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","title":"Estimating Single Tree Stem Volume of Pinus sylvestris Using Airborne Laser Scanner and Multispectral Line Scanner Data","display_name":"Estimating Single Tree Stem Volume of Pinus sylvestris Using Airborne Laser Scanner and Multispectral Line Scanner Data","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040181110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","mag":"2040181110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3050929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/929/pdf?version=1403129268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/929/pdf?version=1403129268","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113848177","display_name":"Christoph Straub","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Straub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032548899","display_name":"Barbara Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-4064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113848177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.5538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87918602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"5","first_page":"929","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.793682336807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.7622100114822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.658309817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6355147361755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.6186062693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5725208520889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.552817702293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-scanner","display_name":"Multispectral Scanner","score":0.5166890621185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37909597158432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26343709230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25686442852020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2100439965724945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1986064314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.18388614058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1125720739364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09167718887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08884689211845398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.793682336807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.7622100114822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.658309817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6355147361755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6186062693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5725208520889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.552817702293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777205146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935091","display_name":"Multispectral Scanner","level":2,"score":0.5166890621185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37909597158432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26343709230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25686442852020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2100439965724945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1986064314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.18388614058494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1125720739364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09167718887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08884689211845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3050929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/929/pdf?version=1403129268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.298.3133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.298.3133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/929/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10a60ca408a14a9594bd6facd57cdcd7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10a60ca408a14a9594bd6facd57cdcd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 3, Iss 5, Pp 929-944 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:freidok.uni-freiburg.de:13277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/13277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401057","display_name":"FreiDok plus (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","host_organization_name":"University of Freiburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote sensing. 3, 5 (2011),929-944, DOI 10.3390/rs3050929, ISSN: 2072-4292","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/3/5/929/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs3050929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3050929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/5/929/pdf?version=1403129268","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040181110.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040181110.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494216622","https://openalex.org/W1600490331","https://openalex.org/W1607294302","https://openalex.org/W1765325854","https://openalex.org/W1992679269","https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W2020349167","https://openalex.org/W2027672019","https://openalex.org/W2071215415","https://openalex.org/W2074706991","https://openalex.org/W2101907415","https://openalex.org/W2120332097","https://openalex.org/W2122920344","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2132097058","https://openalex.org/W2137882837","https://openalex.org/W2163795496","https://openalex.org/W2163973654","https://openalex.org/W2182480500","https://openalex.org/W2344239952","https://openalex.org/W2478614601","https://openalex.org/W2590058928","https://openalex.org/W2750737309","https://openalex.org/W4300093166","https://openalex.org/W6678293961","https://openalex.org/W6684231901","https://openalex.org/W6704356420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2578373974","https://openalex.org/W2033394108","https://openalex.org/W897367340","https://openalex.org/W2941052898","https://openalex.org/W70853072","https://openalex.org/W2001338653","https://openalex.org/W814327955","https://openalex.org/W2946859545","https://openalex.org/W4252521546","https://openalex.org/W2183753145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"So":[0],"far,":[1],"only":[2],"a":[3,56,131],"few":[4],"studies":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"carried":[8],"out":[9],"in":[10,55,59,103],"central":[11],"European":[12],"forests":[13],"to":[14,45,106,125],"estimate":[15],"individual":[16],"tree":[17,65,78,96,114],"stem":[18,48,109],"volume":[19,49,84],"of":[20,50,62,93],"pine":[21],"trees":[22],"from":[23,34],"high":[24],"resolution":[25],"remote":[26],"sensing":[27],"data.":[28,76],"In":[29],"this":[30],"article":[31],"information":[32],"derived":[33,86,95],"airborne":[35],"laser":[36,74],"scanner":[37,41,75],"and":[38,73,82,116,141],"multispectral":[39,72],"line":[40],"data":[42],"were":[43,67,85,98],"tested":[44],"predict":[46,107],"the":[47,60,94,108,120,126],"178":[51],"pines":[52],"(Pinus":[53],"sylvestris)":[54],"study":[57],"site":[58],"south-west":[61],"Germany.":[63],"First,":[64],"crowns":[66],"automatically":[68],"delineated":[69],"using":[70],"both":[71],"Next,":[77],"height,":[79],"crown":[80,83,89,117],"diameter":[81,118],"for":[87],"each":[88],"segment.":[90],"All":[91],"combinations":[92],"features":[97],"used":[99],"as":[100],"explanatory":[101],"variables":[102],"allometric":[104],"models":[105],"volume.":[110],"A":[111],"model":[112],"with":[113,123],"height":[115],"had":[119],"best":[121],"performance":[122],"respect":[124],"prediction":[127],"accuracy":[128],"determined":[129],"by":[130],"leave-one-out":[132],"cross-validation:":[133],"Root":[134],"Mean":[135],"Square":[136],"Error":[137],"(RMSE)":[138],"=":[139,143],"24.02%":[140],"Bias":[142],"1.36%.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
