{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994864432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","title":"Acquisition of Bidirectional Reflectance Factor Dataset Using a Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and a Consumer Camera","display_name":"Acquisition of Bidirectional Reflectance Factor Dataset Using a Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and a Consumer Camera","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994864432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","mag":"1994864432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2030819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/3/819/pdf?version=1403129165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/3/819/pdf?version=1403129165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011450440","display_name":"Teemu Hakala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Teemu Hakala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland","Finnish Geodetic Institute (GT)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute (GT)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014491014","display_name":"Juha Suomalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-8820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Suomalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091457104","display_name":"Jouni Peltoniemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jouni I. Peltoniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011450440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1815,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86314261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"819","last_page":"832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vignetting","display_name":"Vignetting","score":0.868445634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6965728402137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6366767883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.621645450592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5954622030258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48153597116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4786892533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47306835651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-photos","display_name":"Aerial photos","score":0.4380021393299103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3399620056152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24087905883789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16111218929290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12136280536651611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.11588340997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07318243384361267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14740026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136665","display_name":"Vignetting","level":3,"score":0.868445634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6965728402137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6366767883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.621645450592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5954622030258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48153597116470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4786892533302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47306835651397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018193623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photos","level":2,"score":0.4380021393299103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3399620056152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24087905883789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16111218929290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12136280536651611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.11588340997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07318243384361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2030819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/3/819/pdf?version=1403129165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89308376a6684721b02ca33958f8149f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89308376a6684721b02ca33958f8149f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 819-832 (2010)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/2/3/819/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 2; Issue 3; Pages: 819-832","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2030819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2030819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/3/819/pdf?version=1403129165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326483","display_name":"European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994864432.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1994864432.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976831936","https://openalex.org/W1985394894","https://openalex.org/W1991723338","https://openalex.org/W2008669966","https://openalex.org/W2014807418","https://openalex.org/W2018640103","https://openalex.org/W2043427227","https://openalex.org/W2100176513","https://openalex.org/W2102881934","https://openalex.org/W2107307849","https://openalex.org/W2119346839","https://openalex.org/W2122348296","https://openalex.org/W2123303881","https://openalex.org/W2128409098","https://openalex.org/W2188117202","https://openalex.org/W2467153952","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6720305942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085396506","https://openalex.org/W2757822657","https://openalex.org/W1686365911","https://openalex.org/W1672565304","https://openalex.org/W2000169377","https://openalex.org/W2351567070","https://openalex.org/W1998561111","https://openalex.org/W2376880006","https://openalex.org/W2734979192","https://openalex.org/W2485057948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,16,61,66,75,85,88,97],"method":[4],"for":[5,92,105],"retrieving":[6],"the":[7,44,52,72,79,102,145],"bidirectional":[8],"reflectance":[9,55,122],"factor":[10,56,123],"(BRF)":[11],"of":[12,40,71,144],"land-surface":[13],"areas,":[14],"using":[15,43,60,74],"small":[17],"consumer":[18,135],"camera":[19],"on":[20],"board":[21],"an":[22,29],"unmanned":[23],"aerial":[24],"vehicle":[25],"(UAV)":[26],"and":[27,54,87,121],"introducing":[28],"advanced":[30],"calibration":[31,143],"routine.":[32],"Images":[33],"with":[34,133],"varying":[35],"view":[36],"directions":[37],"were":[38,58,111],"taken":[39,132],"snow":[41],"cover":[42],"UAV.":[45],"The":[46,108],"vignetting":[47],"effect":[48],"was":[49,82,90,99],"corrected":[50],"from":[51],"images,":[53],"images":[57,73],"calculated":[59],"calibrated":[62],"white":[63],"target":[64,80],"as":[65],"reference.":[67],"After":[68],"spatial":[69],"registration":[70],"corresponding":[76],"point":[77],"method,":[78],"surface":[81],"divided":[83],"into":[84],"grid,":[86],"BRF":[89,103,110,120],"generated":[91],"each":[93],"grid":[94],"element.":[95],"Lastly":[96],"model":[98],"fitted":[100],"to":[101,113,142],"dataset":[104],"data":[106],"interpretation.":[107],"retrieved":[109],"compared":[112],"parallel":[114],"ground":[115],"measurements.":[116],"Comparison":[117],"showed":[118],"similar":[119],"characteristics,":[124],"which":[125],"suggests":[126],"that":[127],"accurate":[128],"measurements":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131],"cheap":[134],"cameras,":[136],"if":[137],"enough":[138],"attention":[139],"is":[140],"paid":[141],"images.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}