{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079955102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","title":"Integrating Vegetation Indices Models and Phenological Classification with Composite SAR and Optical Data for Cereal Yield Estimation in Finland (Part I)","display_name":"Integrating Vegetation Indices Models and Phenological Classification with Composite SAR and Optical Data for Cereal Yield Estimation in Finland (Part I)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079955102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","mag":"2079955102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2010076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/1/76/pdf?version=1403129155","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/1/76/pdf?version=1403129155","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061595491","display_name":"Heikki Laurila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Laurila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Biology, Section of Crop Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Biology, Section of Crop Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068228319","display_name":"Mika Karjalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mika Karjalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Department, The Finnish Geodetic Institute, 02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Department, The Finnish Geodetic Institute, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033042071","display_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Hyypp\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Department, The Finnish Geodetic Institute, 02431 Masala, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Department, The Finnish Geodetic Institute, 02431 Masala, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000821427","display_name":"Jouko Kleemola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jouko Kleemola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Biology, Section of Crop Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Biology, Section of Crop Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80626374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6391313672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.6282394528388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.617736279964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6009236574172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5765324234962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.5365199446678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5038012862205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.5014364719390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.47224515676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4176710844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.32320088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.2875943183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.28625398874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18663659691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14778193831443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.06739863753318787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6391313672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6282394528388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.617736279964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6009236574172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5765324234962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5365199446678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5038012862205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.5014364719390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.47224515676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4176710844039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.32320088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.2875943183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.28625398874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18663659691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14778193831443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06739863753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2010076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/1/76/pdf?version=1403129155","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ef137c5144949a3a667871261b785a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ef137c5144949a3a667871261b785a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 76-114 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/230932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/230932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jukuri.luke.fi:10024/543757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/543757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400569","display_name":"Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3017910207","host_organization_name":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017910207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"fi=A1 Alkuper\u00e4isartikkeli tieteellisess\u00e4 aikakauslehdess\u00e4|sv=A1 Originalartikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|en=A1 Journal article (refereed), original research|"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/2/1/76/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs2010076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2010076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/2/1/76/pdf?version=1403129155","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079955102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079955102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112352714","https://openalex.org/W231431949","https://openalex.org/W1139134932","https://openalex.org/W1968598370","https://openalex.org/W1968959526","https://openalex.org/W1989667116","https://openalex.org/W1990815869","https://openalex.org/W1998256169","https://openalex.org/W1999428071","https://openalex.org/W2003595254","https://openalex.org/W2004809854","https://openalex.org/W2007447740","https://openalex.org/W2010583269","https://openalex.org/W2011894492","https://openalex.org/W2014158985","https://openalex.org/W2019363384","https://openalex.org/W2025384267","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2038203284","https://openalex.org/W2043552240","https://openalex.org/W2047515622","https://openalex.org/W2053753284","https://openalex.org/W2069267285","https://openalex.org/W2070559755","https://openalex.org/W2076876944","https://openalex.org/W2077403302","https://openalex.org/W2079270486","https://openalex.org/W2095157762","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2106399295","https://openalex.org/W2118476033","https://openalex.org/W2119288896","https://openalex.org/W2119355555","https://openalex.org/W2134599178","https://openalex.org/W2158883105","https://openalex.org/W2162996905","https://openalex.org/W2167487300","https://openalex.org/W2243038319","https://openalex.org/W2317234379","https://openalex.org/W2474286110","https://openalex.org/W2916011689","https://openalex.org/W2987961546","https://openalex.org/W3202693200","https://openalex.org/W6604615111","https://openalex.org/W6669860200","https://openalex.org/W6684530519","https://openalex.org/W6802837867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317911","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W4372264653","https://openalex.org/W4310842702","https://openalex.org/W4285330809","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2096239959","https://openalex.org/W2985493737","https://openalex.org/W4200109866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"1996\u20132006":[1],"the":[2,15,30,45],"Ministry":[3],"of":[4,32],"Agriculture":[5],"and":[6,14,36,58,62,74,120],"Forestry":[7],"in":[8,44],"Finland,":[9],"MTT":[10],"Agrifood":[11],"Research":[12],"Finland":[13],"Finnish":[16],"Geodetic":[17],"Institute":[18],"carried":[19],"out":[20],"a":[21],"joint":[22],"remote":[23],"sensing":[24],"satellite":[25,38,76],"research":[26],"project.":[27],"It":[28],"evaluated":[29],"applicability":[31],"composite":[33,92],"multispectral":[34],"SAR":[35,61,75,93],"optical":[37,73],"data":[39,77],"for":[40,84,106,113,118,123],"cereal":[41,68,85],"yield":[42,69,86,96],"estimations":[43],"annual":[46],"crop":[47],"inventory":[48],"program.":[49],"Three":[50],"Vegetation":[51],"Indices":[52],"models":[53],"(VGI,":[54],"Infrared":[55],"polynomial,":[56],"NDVI":[57],"Composite":[59],"multispetral":[60],"NDVI)":[63],"were":[64],"validated":[65],"to":[66],"estimate":[67],"levels":[70],"using":[71],"solely":[72],"(Composite":[78],"Minimum":[79],"Dataset).":[80],"The":[81,90],"average":[82],"R2":[83],"(yb)":[87],"was":[88,98],"0.627.":[89],"averaged":[91],"modeled":[94],"grain":[95],"level":[97],"3,750":[99],"kg/ha":[100,112,117,122],"(RMSE":[101],"=":[102],"10.3%,":[103],"387":[104],"kg/ha)":[105],"high":[107],"latitude":[108],"spring":[109,114],"cereals":[110],"(4,018":[111],"wheat,":[115],"4,037":[116],"barley":[119],"3,151":[121],"oats).":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}