{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405703176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766","title":"Optical Frequency Sweeping Nonlinearity Measurement Based on a Calibration-free MZI","display_name":"Optical Frequency Sweeping Nonlinearity Measurement Based on a Calibration-free MZI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405703176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065125638","display_name":"Pengwei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101496247","display_name":"Bin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-3968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461743","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101496247"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89222897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"24","first_page":"4766","last_page":"4766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7769062519073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7171308994293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6531299352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.6052468419075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5821778774261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5390818119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5025289058685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.49433350563049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4935370683670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.47580084204673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4471731185913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave","display_name":"Continuous wave","score":0.4255026578903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.36240094900131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15174171328544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1329202651977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.10742256045341492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7769062519073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7171308994293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6531299352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.6052468419075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5821778774261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5390818119049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5025289058685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.49433350563049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4935370683670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.47580084204673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4471731185913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99568719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129003","display_name":"Continuous wave","level":3,"score":0.4255026578903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.36240094900131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15174171328544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1329202651977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.10742256045341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ea738619d4e4f36bbea06c987e2371e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ea738619d4e4f36bbea06c987e2371e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 24, p 4766 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973985573","https://openalex.org/W1990882031","https://openalex.org/W2016600240","https://openalex.org/W2033544244","https://openalex.org/W2037928928","https://openalex.org/W2068778093","https://openalex.org/W2121808419","https://openalex.org/W2129805040","https://openalex.org/W2138429725","https://openalex.org/W2146628504","https://openalex.org/W2312415409","https://openalex.org/W2616150991","https://openalex.org/W2771669751","https://openalex.org/W2807693005","https://openalex.org/W2887873293","https://openalex.org/W2925191964","https://openalex.org/W2997718823","https://openalex.org/W3089096864","https://openalex.org/W3100435238","https://openalex.org/W3149320760","https://openalex.org/W3157897588","https://openalex.org/W3184022773","https://openalex.org/W4285592351","https://openalex.org/W4286698060","https://openalex.org/W4293812238","https://openalex.org/W4319660233","https://openalex.org/W4389262601","https://openalex.org/W4391108796","https://openalex.org/W4391214911","https://openalex.org/W4391768639","https://openalex.org/W4393082460","https://openalex.org/W4402188350","https://openalex.org/W6658531719","https://openalex.org/W6785493654","https://openalex.org/W6798816066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W3044316722","https://openalex.org/W4386096066","https://openalex.org/W4390949145","https://openalex.org/W4386097793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"sweeping":[1,32,73],"linearity":[2],"is":[3,56,108,125,134,198],"essential":[4,58],"for":[5,30,59,69,111,244,252],"Frequency-Modulated":[6],"Continuous":[7],"Wave":[8],"(FMCW)":[9],"Light":[10],"Detection":[11],"and":[12,21,92,130,149,159,180,200,215,228,241,249],"Ranging":[13],"(LIDAR),":[14],"as":[15,203],"it":[16,151],"impacts":[17],"the":[18,24,41,50,99,105,115,118,131,139,146,153,164,167,184,192,224,232],"ranging":[19,43],"resolution":[20],"accuracy":[22,165],"of":[23,53,89,96,104,120,166,206,234],"system.":[25],"Pre-distortion":[26],"methods":[27],"can":[28,38],"correct":[29],"frequency":[31,72,101,141,160],"nonlinearity;":[33],"however,":[34],"residual":[35],"minor":[36,54],"nonlinearities":[37,55],"still":[39],"degrade":[40],"system":[42],"resolution,":[44],"especially":[45],"at":[46,173,212,218],"far":[47],"distances.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"precise":[51],"measurement":[52],"particularly":[57],"long-range":[60],"FMCW":[61,208],"LIDAR.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"a":[66,121,195,207,216],"calibration-free":[67],"MZI":[68],"measuring":[70],"optical":[71,100],"nonlinearity,":[74],"which":[75],"involves":[76],"alternately":[77],"inserting":[78],"two":[79,94],"short":[80],"polarization-maintaining":[81],"fibers":[82],"with":[83,152],"different":[84],"delays":[85],"into":[86],"one":[87],"arm":[88],"an":[90],"MZI,":[91,194],"after":[93,229],"rounds":[95],"beat":[97,147,155,236],"collection,":[98],"sweep":[102,142],"curve":[103],"light":[106,204],"source":[107,124,205],"accurately":[109],"measured":[110,126,140],"nonlinearity":[112,119,133],"evaluation.":[113],"Using":[114],"proposed":[116,168,193],"method,":[117],"frequency-swept":[122],"laser":[123,197,230],"to":[127,162,187],"be":[128],"0.2113%,":[129],"relative":[132],"5.3560":[135],"\u00d7":[136],"10\u22125.":[137],"With":[138],"curve,":[143],"we":[144],"simulate":[145],"signal":[148,156],"compare":[150],"collected":[154],"in":[157],"time":[158],"domain,":[161],"verify":[163],"method.":[169],"A":[170,210],"test":[171],"conducted":[172],"24.1":[174],"\u00b0C,":[175,177],"30.4":[176],"39.5":[178],"\u00b0C":[179,182],"44.0":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"method\u2019s":[185],"insensitivity":[186],"temperature":[188],"fluctuations.":[189],"Based":[190],"on":[191],"tunable":[196],"pre-distorted":[199],"then":[201],"used":[202],"lidar.":[209],"wall":[211],"45":[213,245],"m":[214],"building":[217],"1.2":[219,253],"km":[220],"are":[221,238],"ranged":[222],"by":[223],"lidar":[225],"respectively.":[226],"Before":[227],"pre-distortion,":[231],"FWHM":[233],"echo":[235],"spectrum":[237],"25.635":[239],"kHz":[240,243,248,251],"9.736":[242],"m,":[246],"747.880":[247],"22.012":[250],"km.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
