{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405532034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244728","title":"Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations","display_name":"Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405532034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728/pdf?version=1734522012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728/pdf?version=1734522012","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058077309","display_name":"Rayonil Gomes Carneiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-0191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rayonil G. Carneiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045819866","display_name":"Maciej Karasewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-5091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Karasewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080435508","display_name":"Camilla Kassar Borges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilla K. Borges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015910749","display_name":"\u0141ucja Janicka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucja Janicka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034820908","display_name":"Dongxiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3189-0160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Solar Power Generation Technology Research Institute, SEPCOIII Electric Power Construction Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Solar Power Generation Technology Research Institute, SEPCOIII Electric Power Construction Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090104852","display_name":"Gilberto Fisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-9988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142340749","display_name":"Universidade de Taubat\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/01gt7sg63","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142340749"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilberto Fisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Science Division, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Taubat\u00e9 (UNITAU), Taubat\u00e9 12080-000, SP, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Science Division, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Taubat\u00e9 (UNITAU), Taubat\u00e9 12080-000, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142340749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085254838","display_name":"Iwona S. Stachlewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135200","display_name":"Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04rc9d057","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwona S. Stachlewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613","https://openalex.org/I4210135200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058077309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135200","https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2009954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"24","first_page":"4728","last_page":"4728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundary-layer","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","score":0.7154748439788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-boundary-layer","display_name":"Convective Boundary Layer","score":0.6341265439987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-covariance","display_name":"Eddy covariance","score":0.5899572372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5313262343406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.49075421690940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4816264510154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4501707851886749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4492243826389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer","display_name":"Boundary layer","score":0.4475093483924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensible-heat","display_name":"Sensible heat","score":0.4405047595500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"Convection","score":0.4202382564544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-cycle","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","score":0.4198451638221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4091085195541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2721841335296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21779271960258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1859954297542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.12294429540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.09687083959579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.07374078035354614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86338904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757268","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","level":3,"score":0.7154748439788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780063094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Convective Boundary Layer","level":4,"score":0.6341265439987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35187779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5336709","display_name":"Eddy covariance","level":3,"score":0.5899572372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5313262343406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.49075421690940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4816264510154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4501707851886749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4492243826389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.4475093483924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59242433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480581","display_name":"Sensible heat","level":2,"score":0.4405047595500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.4202382564544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63991900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469559","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","level":2,"score":0.4198451638221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4091085195541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2721841335296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21779271960258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1859954297542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.12294429540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09687083959579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.07374078035354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728/pdf?version=1734522012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b91c70a8bc6a4a3c904712bfa11eedcf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b91c70a8bc6a4a3c904712bfa11eedcf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 24, p 4728 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244728","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728/pdf?version=1734522012","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1327266311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"151920/2022-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1429890386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CNPq","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1589553732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1962462665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101036245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2204757554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101008004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G265104915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EC H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3151906651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101008004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G31730716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-INFRAIA-2020-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3314450319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"654109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3514550006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3601516360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Brazil","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3694070288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021/03/Y/ST10/00206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3729462117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-INFRAIA-2020-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4021872695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000119961/16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079005330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5594004747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6288385369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACTRIS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7152662605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295187585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7487779088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101036245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7510062334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8257028248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"654109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8298996409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA18235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gs16m83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405532034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405532034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1138192883","https://openalex.org/W1498635984","https://openalex.org/W1560303661","https://openalex.org/W1562870477","https://openalex.org/W1899790968","https://openalex.org/W1966536410","https://openalex.org/W1968037322","https://openalex.org/W1982265255","https://openalex.org/W1986328299","https://openalex.org/W1986515151","https://openalex.org/W1996926500","https://openalex.org/W2004584297","https://openalex.org/W2007103225","https://openalex.org/W2011190708","https://openalex.org/W2018608667","https://openalex.org/W2019162306","https://openalex.org/W2029749227","https://openalex.org/W2032533256","https://openalex.org/W2033237146","https://openalex.org/W2034414230","https://openalex.org/W2034448255","https://openalex.org/W2047118236","https://openalex.org/W2081887190","https://openalex.org/W2087044106","https://openalex.org/W2111609973","https://openalex.org/W2129801807","https://openalex.org/W2152320768","https://openalex.org/W2154405283","https://openalex.org/W2157862942","https://openalex.org/W2167913975","https://openalex.org/W2177083572","https://openalex.org/W2302395860","https://openalex.org/W2342822497","https://openalex.org/W2343306967","https://openalex.org/W2408706002","https://openalex.org/W2460596128","https://openalex.org/W2507859487","https://openalex.org/W2586806726","https://openalex.org/W2603613925","https://openalex.org/W2605172292","https://openalex.org/W2611705577","https://openalex.org/W2754813548","https://openalex.org/W2770188821","https://openalex.org/W2770647289","https://openalex.org/W2774358530","https://openalex.org/W2792088059","https://openalex.org/W2802531655","https://openalex.org/W2807819227","https://openalex.org/W2896858865","https://openalex.org/W2908994577","https://openalex.org/W2912491018","https://openalex.org/W2917305104","https://openalex.org/W2919508710","https://openalex.org/W2945066106","https://openalex.org/W2946131833","https://openalex.org/W2955825715","https://openalex.org/W3001066940","https://openalex.org/W3005195542","https://openalex.org/W3006060478","https://openalex.org/W3007763299","https://openalex.org/W3012526672","https://openalex.org/W3025697255","https://openalex.org/W3087794190","https://openalex.org/W3110959758","https://openalex.org/W3126767828","https://openalex.org/W3136418756","https://openalex.org/W3139022928","https://openalex.org/W3163275348","https://openalex.org/W3165071986","https://openalex.org/W3170661262","https://openalex.org/W3182632612","https://openalex.org/W4253770764","https://openalex.org/W4281756416","https://openalex.org/W4296006130","https://openalex.org/W4310076782","https://openalex.org/W4310223225","https://openalex.org/W4313576754","https://openalex.org/W4362637197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162229951","https://openalex.org/W2357178722","https://openalex.org/W2335088048","https://openalex.org/W2371952709","https://openalex.org/W2163606831","https://openalex.org/W2133615664","https://openalex.org/W3087453741","https://openalex.org/W2371953367","https://openalex.org/W2606206926","https://openalex.org/W2140066382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyzed":[1],"the":[2,36,46,58,64,99,101,147,184,198,209,212,215,222],"planetary":[3],"boundary":[4,177],"layer":[5,178],"(PBL)":[6],"characteristics":[7,121],"in":[8,82,91,156],"Warsaw,":[9],"Poland":[10],"for":[11,131],"a":[12,96,175,189],"day":[13],"of":[14,20,52,98,122,153,211,214],"summer,":[15],"autumn,":[16],"winter,":[17],"and":[18,24,27,45,76,117,136,174,194,201,224],"spring":[19,116],"2021":[21],"by":[22],"integrating":[23],"comparing":[25],"measured":[26,148],"simulated":[28],"data.":[29],"Using":[30],"remote":[31],"sensing":[32],"lidar":[33],"sensor":[34],"data,":[35,149],"PBLH":[37,85,123,140],"was":[38,162],"calculated":[39],"using":[40],"wavelet":[41],"covariance":[42],"transform":[43],"(WCT)":[44],"gradient":[47],"method":[48],"(GM).":[49],"Also,":[50],"simulations":[51,141],"turbulent":[53],"fluxes":[54],"were":[55,104,111],"performed":[56],"utilizing":[57],"large":[59],"eddy":[60],"simulation":[61],"(LES)":[62],"from":[63,142,232],"Parallel":[65],"Large":[66],"Eddy":[67],"Simulation":[68],"Model":[69],"(PALM)":[70],"to":[71,164,180,218,234],"better":[72],"understand":[73],"how":[74],"turbulence":[75],"convection":[77,196],"behave":[78],"across":[79],"different":[80],"seasons":[81,182],"Warsaw.":[83],"The":[84,115,139],"diurnal":[86],"cycles":[87],"showed":[88,144,203],"pronounced":[89],"changes":[90],"their":[92,225],"vertical":[93],"structure":[94],"as":[95],"function":[97],"season:":[100],"winter":[102],"heights":[103,110,226],"shallow":[105],"(~0.7":[106],"km),":[107],"while":[108],"summer":[109,167],"deeper":[112,176],"(~1.7":[113],"km).":[114],"autumn":[118,202],"presented":[119],"transient":[120],"around":[124],"1.0":[125],"km.":[126],"This":[127],"study":[128],"is":[129,227],"crucial":[130],"enhancing":[132],"urban":[133],"air":[134],"quality":[135],"climate":[137],"modeling.":[138],"PALM":[143,216],"agreement":[145],"with":[146,150],"an":[151],"underestimation":[152],"approximately":[154],"10%":[155],"both":[157],"methods.":[158],"Through":[159],"PALM,":[160],"it":[161],"possible":[163],"observe":[165],"that":[166],"exhibited":[168],"increased":[169],"convection,":[170],"enhanced":[171],"mixing":[172],"efficiency,":[173],"compared":[179],"other":[181],"throughout":[183,197],"daily":[185],"cycle.":[186],"Winter":[187],"has":[188],"lower":[190],"sensible":[191],"heat":[192],"flux":[193],"little":[195],"day.":[199],"Spring":[200],"intermediate":[204],"characteristics.":[205],"In":[206],"this":[207],"way,":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"applicability":[213],"model":[217],"obtain":[219],"flows":[220],"within":[221],"PBL":[223],"highlighted,":[228],"because":[229],"correlations":[230],"ranged":[231],"strong":[233,236],"very":[235],"(r":[237],"\u2265":[238],"0.70).":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}