{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405444601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679","title":"Multipath Mitigation in Single-Frequency Multi-GNSS Tightly Combined Positioning via a Modified Multipath Hemispherical Map Method","display_name":"Multipath Mitigation in Single-Frequency Multi-GNSS Tightly Combined Positioning via a Modified Multipath Hemispherical Map Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405444601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715987","display_name":"Tao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-3814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064568780","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1345-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081880258","display_name":"Runfa Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8918-6746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runfa Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101832806","display_name":"Xingwang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7770-9593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100813872","display_name":"Yong Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020075443","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-9716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064568780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672","https://openalex.org/I184681353"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":3.1704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9304485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"24","first_page":"4679","last_page":"4679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8811398148536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.8027099370956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","score":0.7629181146621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6619418263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.6188254356384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5343407988548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.532817542552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5296606421470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4949774146080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3610069751739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15324053168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1321498453617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11375203728675842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8811398148536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.8027099370956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","level":4,"score":0.7629181146621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6619418263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.6188254356384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5343407988548279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.532817542552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5296606421470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4949774146080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3610069751739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15324053168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1321498453617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11375203728675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4af7333f8a9d4bb88bb5b31b5966bd0a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4af7333f8a9d4bb88bb5b31b5966bd0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 24, p 4679 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1775874763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2008085QD179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2200083006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ2021A0443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2872318532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZD2021023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4265690548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AH050849","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G607365046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8222011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8654355355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJ2020A0312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007724972","https://openalex.org/W2034317720","https://openalex.org/W2039626525","https://openalex.org/W2045815787","https://openalex.org/W2059429132","https://openalex.org/W2075901094","https://openalex.org/W2078403117","https://openalex.org/W2090526786","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2188692557","https://openalex.org/W2588491653","https://openalex.org/W2792648992","https://openalex.org/W2797713408","https://openalex.org/W2809453453","https://openalex.org/W2944230924","https://openalex.org/W2949616517","https://openalex.org/W2966827400","https://openalex.org/W2976621474","https://openalex.org/W3081497837","https://openalex.org/W3118447060","https://openalex.org/W3119748581","https://openalex.org/W3124666862","https://openalex.org/W3174598035","https://openalex.org/W3198278824","https://openalex.org/W4206933643","https://openalex.org/W4313909133","https://openalex.org/W4323318556","https://openalex.org/W4364360255","https://openalex.org/W4384694769","https://openalex.org/W4385987660","https://openalex.org/W4387668375","https://openalex.org/W4388081833","https://openalex.org/W4390315017","https://openalex.org/W4394996341","https://openalex.org/W6660512363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W1977152704","https://openalex.org/W2605758412","https://openalex.org/W2051628247","https://openalex.org/W2756172590","https://openalex.org/W3117915744","https://openalex.org/W768388283","https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W3130617165","https://openalex.org/W4388115573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multipath":[0,45],"is":[1],"a":[2,146],"source":[3],"of":[4,28,34,47,62,69,76,92,111,115,130,139,194,240],"error":[5],"that":[6,213],"limits":[7],"the":[8,26,32,35,40,48,55,63,74,77,82,99,109,112,118,124,128,131,136,140,152,163,180,191,195,200,205,214,218,241,245],"Global":[9],"Navigation":[10],"Satellite":[11],"System":[12],"(GNSS)":[13],"positioning":[14,56],"precision":[15,57,122,220,238],"in":[16,43,58,86,244],"short":[17],"baselines.":[18],"The":[19,90,160,237,257],"tightly":[20,50,157],"combined":[21,51,158],"model":[22,37,52,79,98,133],"between":[23],"systems":[24,71],"increases":[25],"number":[27],"observations":[29],"and":[30,121,176,183,226,231,248,254,263],"enhances":[31],"strength":[33],"mathematical":[36],"owing":[38,107,134],"to":[39,81,97,108,135,150,189,203],"continuous":[41],"improvement":[42],"GNSS.":[44],"mitigation":[46],"multi-GNSS":[49,156],"can":[53,72],"improve":[54,204],"complex":[59],"environments.":[60],"Interoperability":[61],"multipath":[64,84,100,153,192],"hemispherical":[65,164],"map":[66,165],"(MHM)":[67],"models":[68],"different":[70,116],"enhance":[73],"performance":[75,129,262],"MHM":[78,132,148,243,259],"due":[80],"small":[83],"differences":[85],"single":[87],"overlapping":[88],"frequencies.":[89],"adoption":[91],"advanced":[93],"sidereal":[94],"filtering":[95],"(ASF)":[96],"for":[101,154,228],"each":[102],"satellite":[103,141,233],"brings":[104],"computational":[105],"challenges":[106],"characteristics":[110,138],"multi-constellation":[113],"heterogeneity":[114],"systems;":[117],"balance":[119],"efficiency":[120,207],"become":[123],"key":[125],"issues":[126],"affecting":[127,209],"sparse":[137],"distribution.":[142],"Therefore,":[143],"we":[144],"propose":[145],"modified":[147,242,258],"method":[149,161,216],"mitigate":[151],"single-frequency":[155],"positioning.":[159],"divides":[162],"into":[166],"36":[167],"\u00d7":[168,173],"9":[169],"grids":[170],"at":[171],"10\u00b0":[172,174],"resolution":[175],"then":[177],"searches":[178],"with":[179],"elevation":[181],"angle":[182,185],"azimuth":[184],"as":[186],"independent":[187],"variables":[188],"obtain":[190],"value":[193],"nearest":[196],"point.":[197],"We":[198],"used":[199],"k-d":[201],"tree":[202],"search":[206],"without":[208],"precision.":[210],"Experiments":[211],"show":[212],"proposed":[215],"improves":[217],"mean":[219],"over":[221],"ASF":[222],"by":[223],"10.20%,":[224],"10.77%,":[225],"9.29%":[227],"GPS,":[229],"BDS,":[230],"Galileo":[232],"single-difference":[234],"residuals,":[235],"respectively.":[236,256],"improvements":[239],"E,":[246],"N,":[247],"U":[249],"directions":[250],"were":[251],"32.82%,":[252],"40.65%,":[253],"31.97%,":[255],"exhibits":[260],"greater":[261],"behaves":[264],"more":[265],"consistently.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}