{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405284194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642","title":"Regional-Scale Detection of Palms Using VHR Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning in the Guyanese Rainforest","display_name":"Regional-Scale Detection of Palms Using VHR Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning in the Guyanese Rainforest","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405284194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114690083","display_name":"Matthew J. Drouillard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1781-7887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Drouillard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Information Sciences, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Information Sciences, School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050774796","display_name":"Anthony R. Cummings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-6883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100538780","display_name":"Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h7xva58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100538780"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony R. Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100538780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114690083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1950763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"24","first_page":"4642","last_page":"4642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6695497035980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.5855603814125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5685526728630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5664799809455872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.545502781867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm","display_name":"Palm","score":0.4912094473838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47238993644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4639866352081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amazon-rainforest","display_name":"Amazon rainforest","score":0.45057469606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.42462190985679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.38669899106025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3816007375717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33266112208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.228544682264328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20653215050697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14670050144195557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6695497035980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5855603814125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5685526728630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5664799809455872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.545502781867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94598645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347874","display_name":"Palm","level":2,"score":0.4912094473838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47238993644714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4639866352081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535291247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177567","display_name":"Amazon rainforest","level":2,"score":0.45057469606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.42462190985679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.38669899106025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3816007375717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33266112208366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.228544682264328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20653215050697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14670050144195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ccd4016b4334df48a8b596f0533c14b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ccd4016b4334df48a8b596f0533c14b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 24, p 4642 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16244642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2622050400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2047940","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7900878238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0837531","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1499055767","https://openalex.org/W1806891645","https://openalex.org/W1967704770","https://openalex.org/W1990503995","https://openalex.org/W2013451698","https://openalex.org/W2018027183","https://openalex.org/W2019531126","https://openalex.org/W2020260256","https://openalex.org/W2023815649","https://openalex.org/W2030786150","https://openalex.org/W2045003257","https://openalex.org/W2073548845","https://openalex.org/W2089421343","https://openalex.org/W2128650328","https://openalex.org/W2148573630","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2329061269","https://openalex.org/W2337008329","https://openalex.org/W2342862010","https://openalex.org/W2494851468","https://openalex.org/W2498658175","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2740073194","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W2911261286","https://openalex.org/W2911709005","https://openalex.org/W2914321566","https://openalex.org/W2926026126","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2985471643","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W2995103898","https://openalex.org/W3010073294","https://openalex.org/W3031909544","https://openalex.org/W3038804346","https://openalex.org/W3042861622","https://openalex.org/W3044895230","https://openalex.org/W3090825734","https://openalex.org/W3094118104","https://openalex.org/W3112850292","https://openalex.org/W3139097730","https://openalex.org/W3176778539","https://openalex.org/W3208825131","https://openalex.org/W3210681328","https://openalex.org/W3215216159","https://openalex.org/W3217785517","https://openalex.org/W4200151717","https://openalex.org/W4220676290","https://openalex.org/W4311361333","https://openalex.org/W4323905325","https://openalex.org/W6775845032","https://openalex.org/W6792281152","https://openalex.org/W6802736497","https://openalex.org/W7060946403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022229171","https://openalex.org/W2913190967","https://openalex.org/W2169128343","https://openalex.org/W587719479","https://openalex.org/W3165307885","https://openalex.org/W4393369372","https://openalex.org/W4313730536","https://openalex.org/W3097390808","https://openalex.org/W2611724343","https://openalex.org/W116527109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arecaceae":[0],"(palms)":[1],"play":[2],"a":[3,18,54,72,118,129,192,199,221,228],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"for":[6,29,205,210],"native":[7],"communities":[8],"and":[9,42,68,93,106,122,198,227],"wildlife":[10],"in":[11,117,124,132,165,186],"the":[12,30,40,91,109,112,139,143,146,162,169,172,179,206,211,214],"Amazon":[13],"region.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16],"presents":[17],"first-of-its-kind":[19],"regional-scale":[20],"spatial":[21],"cataloging":[22],"of":[23,32,51,56,66,82,96,111,120,138,145,161,171,189,195,201,224,230],"palms":[24],"using":[25,71,108],"remotely":[26],"sensed":[27],"data":[28],"country":[31],"Guyana.":[33],"Using":[34],"very":[35],"high-resolution":[36],"satellite":[37],"images":[38,87],"from":[39],"GeoEye-1":[41,207],"WorldView-2":[43,212],"sensor":[44],"platforms,":[45],"which":[46],"collectively":[47],"cover":[48],"an":[49,187],"area":[50],"985":[52],"km2,":[53],"total":[55],"472,753":[57],"individual":[58],"palm":[59,173],"crowns":[60],"are":[61],"detected":[62],"with":[63,128,158,220],"F1":[64],"scores":[65],"0.76":[67],"0.79,":[69],"respectively,":[70],"convolutional":[73],"neural":[74],"network":[75],"(CNN)":[76],"instance":[77],"segmentation":[78],"model.":[79],"An":[80],"example":[81],"CNN":[83,140],"model":[84,141],"transference":[85],"between":[86],"is":[88,101,149,175,217],"presented,":[89],"emphasizing":[90],"limitation":[92],"practical":[94],"application":[95],"this":[97,115,166],"approach.":[98],"A":[99],"method":[100],"presented":[102],"to":[103,142],"optimize":[104],"precision":[105],"recall":[107],"confidence":[110],"detection":[113],"features;":[114],"results":[116],"decrease":[119],"45%":[121],"31%":[123],"false":[125,133],"positive":[126],"detections,":[127],"moderate":[130],"increase":[131],"negative":[134],"detections.":[135],"The":[136],"sensitivity":[137],"size":[144],"training":[147],"set":[148],"evaluated,":[150],"showing":[151],"that":[152],"comparable":[153],"metrics":[154],"could":[155],"be":[156],"achieved":[157],"approximately":[159],"50%":[160],"samples":[163],"used":[164],"study.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"diameter":[170,216],"crown":[174],"calculated":[176],"based":[177],"on":[178],"polygon":[180],"identified":[181],"by":[182],"mask":[183],"detection,":[184],"resulting":[185],"average":[188,215],"7.83":[190],"m,":[191,197,219],"standard":[193,222],"deviation":[194,223],"1.05":[196],"range":[200,229],"{4.62,":[202],"13.90}":[203],"m":[204,226],"image.":[208],"Similarly,":[209],"image,":[213],"8.08":[218],"0.70":[225],"{4.82,":[231],"15.80}":[232],"m.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
