{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405186258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611","title":"A Weakly Supervised Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Large-Scale Tree Classification: A Case Study in Cyprus","display_name":"A Weakly Supervised Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Large-Scale Tree Classification: A Case Study in Cyprus","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405186258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4611/pdf?version=1733806305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4611/pdf?version=1733806305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031973425","display_name":"Arslan Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7432-332X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arslan Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007428307","display_name":"Andreas Kamilaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kamilaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus","Department of Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041407031","display_name":"Savvas Karatsiolis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-7709"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savvas Karatsiolis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyens Centre of Excellence, Dimarchou Lellou Dimitriadi 23, Nicosia 1016, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007428307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9922,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73699141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"23","first_page":"4611","last_page":"4611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.745972216129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5895363688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5490329265594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4761338531970978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4339746832847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.41602468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36758503317832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19203856587409973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.745972216129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5895363688468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5490329265594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4761338531970978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4339746832847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.41602468490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36758503317832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19203856587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4611/pdf?version=1733806305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/6a8c142d-8bd8-495b-baf5-66e3da0e4135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/6a8c142d-8bd8-495b-baf5-66e3da0e4135","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/479676391/remotesensing-16-04611-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Amin, A, Kamilaris, A & Karatsiolis, S 2024, 'A Weakly Supervised Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Large-Scale Tree Classification : A Case Study in Cyprus', Remote sensing, vol. 16, no. 23, 4611. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3bc5d5340ad04d24af5ac3aaa8e2c15e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3bc5d5340ad04d24af5ac3aaa8e2c15e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 23, p 4611 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234611","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4611/pdf?version=1733806305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3514550006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Centre","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4539614572","display_name":"WIDENING HIGH-THROUGHPUT PLANT PHENOTYPING ACROSS EUROPE: ADVANCING COLLABORATIVE KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER","funder_award_id":"101160158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992966723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739578","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332084","display_name":"Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405186258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405186258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004553299","https://openalex.org/W2115802842","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2591129009","https://openalex.org/W2609978791","https://openalex.org/W2751134959","https://openalex.org/W2756843371","https://openalex.org/W2795553744","https://openalex.org/W2808092904","https://openalex.org/W2890045484","https://openalex.org/W2891502370","https://openalex.org/W2898152330","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2971095654","https://openalex.org/W2982603973","https://openalex.org/W3004591935","https://openalex.org/W3008439211","https://openalex.org/W3021420655","https://openalex.org/W3028034508","https://openalex.org/W3087634484","https://openalex.org/W3110318831","https://openalex.org/W3140257241","https://openalex.org/W3205930030","https://openalex.org/W3206706034","https://openalex.org/W3211953423","https://openalex.org/W4200272550","https://openalex.org/W4224226825","https://openalex.org/W4224903302","https://openalex.org/W4225420761","https://openalex.org/W4238732474","https://openalex.org/W4255380981","https://openalex.org/W4281946776","https://openalex.org/W4285094963","https://openalex.org/W4313290051","https://openalex.org/W4319158366","https://openalex.org/W4320494470","https://openalex.org/W4366609679","https://openalex.org/W4387451227","https://openalex.org/W4389616181","https://openalex.org/W4391661749","https://openalex.org/W4393118260","https://openalex.org/W4394818923","https://openalex.org/W4400054736","https://openalex.org/W4400724478","https://openalex.org/W6743928203","https://openalex.org/W6749989856","https://openalex.org/W6791677694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W2938171715","https://openalex.org/W4287727129","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2147155098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"ecosystems":[1,16],"play":[2],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,70,124,151],"ecological":[7,22],"balance,":[8],"supporting":[9],"biodiversity":[10],"and":[11,44,61,105,113,119,155],"climate":[12],"change":[13],"mitigation.":[14],"These":[15],"are":[17],"crucial":[18,133],"not":[19],"only":[20],"for":[21,26,66,96],"stability":[23],"but":[24],"also":[25],"the":[27,64,126,152],"local":[28],"economy.":[29],"Performing":[30],"a":[31,35,49,93,97,114,139,165,169],"tree":[32,98,128,177],"census":[33,99],"at":[34],"country":[36],"scale":[37],"via":[38],"traditional":[39],"methods":[40],"is":[41,78,138,179],"resource-demanding,":[42],"error-prone,":[43],"requires":[45],"significant":[46],"effort":[47,77],"by":[48,81],"large":[50],"number":[51],"of":[52,88,130,135,172],"experts.":[53],"While":[54],"emerging":[55],"technologies":[56],"such":[57],"as":[58,144,158,160],"satellite":[59,149],"imagery":[60,150],"AI":[62],"provide":[63],"means":[65],"achieving":[67],"promising":[68],"results":[69],"this":[71],"task":[72],"with":[73],"less":[74],"effort,":[75],"considerable":[76],"still":[79],"required":[80],"experts":[82],"to":[83],"annotate":[84],"hundreds":[85],"or":[86],"thousands":[87],"images.":[89],"This":[90],"study":[91],"introduces":[92],"novel":[94],"methodology":[95,137],"classification":[100,170],"system":[101],"which":[102,142],"leverages":[103],"historical":[104],"partially":[106],"labeled":[107],"data,":[108],"employs":[109],"probabilistic":[110],"data":[111],"imputation":[112],"weakly":[115],"supervised":[116],"training":[117,167],"technique,":[118],"thus":[120],"achieves":[121],"state-of-the-art":[122],"precision":[123],"classifying":[125],"dominant":[127],"species":[129,178],"Cyprus.":[131],"A":[132],"component":[134],"our":[136],"ResNet50":[140],"model":[141],"takes":[143],"input":[145],"high":[146],"spatial":[147],"resolution":[148],"visible":[153],"band":[154],"near-infrared":[156],"band,":[157],"well":[159],"topographical":[161],"features.":[162],"By":[163],"applying":[164],"multimodal":[166],"approach,":[168],"accuracy":[171],"90%":[173],"among":[174],"nine":[175],"targeted":[176],"achieved.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
