{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405186116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234597","title":"Re-Estimating GEDI Ground Elevation Using Deep Learning: Impacts on Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass","display_name":"Re-Estimating GEDI Ground Elevation Using Deep Learning: Impacts on Canopy Height and Aboveground Biomass","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405186116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4597/pdf?version=1733746001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4597/pdf?version=1733746001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073834521","display_name":"Rei Mitsuhashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rei Mitsuhashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027599258","display_name":"Yoshito Sawada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-0967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshito Sawada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan","Matsudo Campus, Chiba University, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Matsudo Campus, Chiba University, Matsudo-shi 271-8510, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112182705","display_name":"K. Tsutsui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Tsutsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT DATA Corporation, Koto-ku 135-6033, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT DATA Corporation, Koto-ku 135-6033, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015356568","display_name":"Hidetake Hirayama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127317711","display_name":"Tokyo University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05crbcr45","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127317711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetake Hirayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku 156-8502, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku 156-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127317711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111740490","display_name":"Tadashi Imai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Imai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104440379","display_name":"Taishi Sumita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800865746","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taishi Sumita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800865746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033584393","display_name":"Koji Kajiwara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Kajiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104022515","display_name":"Yoshiaki Honda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiaki Honda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, Chiba-shi 263-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073834521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669","https://openalex.org/I2800865746"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82328477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"23","first_page":"4597","last_page":"4597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.711624264717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.574571967124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.5397136807441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5089190006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3343436121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16509246826171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15893393754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11157089471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.07687932252883911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.711624264717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.574571967124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5397136807441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5089190006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3343436121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16509246826171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15893393754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11157089471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.07687932252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4597/pdf?version=1733746001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa115ab11f6c418089391f6145988150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa115ab11f6c418089391f6145988150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 23, p 4597 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4597/pdf?version=1733746001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405186116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405186116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601686212","https://openalex.org/W1580205926","https://openalex.org/W1983385967","https://openalex.org/W1986503475","https://openalex.org/W2007830082","https://openalex.org/W2010505285","https://openalex.org/W2013302527","https://openalex.org/W2029353551","https://openalex.org/W2040120109","https://openalex.org/W2048605790","https://openalex.org/W2049576871","https://openalex.org/W2075373322","https://openalex.org/W2094701176","https://openalex.org/W2100524057","https://openalex.org/W2109631166","https://openalex.org/W2156790779","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2355870280","https://openalex.org/W2539737120","https://openalex.org/W2588968826","https://openalex.org/W2620645313","https://openalex.org/W2883666593","https://openalex.org/W2898962279","https://openalex.org/W2905311269","https://openalex.org/W2913226741","https://openalex.org/W2920655408","https://openalex.org/W2947521495","https://openalex.org/W2955389166","https://openalex.org/W2966238488","https://openalex.org/W2980260348","https://openalex.org/W2980521920","https://openalex.org/W3003509779","https://openalex.org/W3009221443","https://openalex.org/W3102782538","https://openalex.org/W3124397620","https://openalex.org/W3157504330","https://openalex.org/W3158878673","https://openalex.org/W3169785445","https://openalex.org/W3172537462","https://openalex.org/W3177033561","https://openalex.org/W3197050061","https://openalex.org/W3209176285","https://openalex.org/W4205698403","https://openalex.org/W4282837551","https://openalex.org/W4285792070","https://openalex.org/W4308735439","https://openalex.org/W4310251107","https://openalex.org/W4312127414","https://openalex.org/W4315498792","https://openalex.org/W4318483015","https://openalex.org/W4324142429","https://openalex.org/W4382982509","https://openalex.org/W4385267384","https://openalex.org/W4387209631","https://openalex.org/W4388448546","https://openalex.org/W4390839110","https://openalex.org/W4393984589","https://openalex.org/W4395041598","https://openalex.org/W4400448124","https://openalex.org/W4402580296","https://openalex.org/W6706397372","https://openalex.org/W6800277583","https://openalex.org/W6863674036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2072749356","https://openalex.org/W2587804871","https://openalex.org/W2014400117","https://openalex.org/W4389236673","https://openalex.org/W2423785987","https://openalex.org/W4389056191","https://openalex.org/W4313890208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,35],"method":[4,33,188],"to":[5,39,87,104,128],"improve":[6,190],"ground":[7,41,62,159],"elevation":[8,42,63,114,160],"estimates":[9,115,161],"through":[10],"waveform":[11,92],"analysis":[12],"from":[13,43,85],"the":[14,44,60,129,147],"Global":[15],"Ecosystem":[16],"Dynamics":[17],"Investigation":[18],"(GEDI)":[19],"and":[20,27,55,73,82,140,165,195],"examines":[21],"its":[22],"impact":[23],"on":[24],"canopy":[25,53,163],"height":[26,54,71,164],"aboveground":[28],"biomass":[29],"(AGB)":[30],"estimation.":[31],"The":[32,75,154,183],"uses":[34],"deep":[36,117],"learning":[37,101,118,139],"model":[38],"estimate":[40],"GEDI":[45,67,91,131],"waveform.":[46],"Geographic":[47],"transferability":[48],"was":[49,102],"demonstrated":[50],"by":[51],"recalculating":[52],"AGB":[56,166,171],"estimation":[57,148,172],"accuracy":[58,106],"using":[59,116],"improved":[61,146],"without":[64],"changing":[65],"established":[66],"formulas":[68],"for":[69,111,176],"relative":[70],"(RH)":[72],"AGB.":[74],"study":[76],"covers":[77],"four":[78],"regions":[79,108],"in":[80,107],"Japan":[81],"South":[83],"America,":[84],"subarctic":[86],"tropical":[88],"zones,":[89],"integrating":[90],"data":[93,144],"with":[94,134,142,151],"airborne":[95],"laser":[96],"scan":[97],"(ALS)":[98],"data.":[99],"Transfer":[100],"explored":[103],"enhance":[105,181],"not":[109],"used":[110],"training.":[112],"Ground":[113],"showed":[119],"an":[120],"RMSE":[121],"improvement":[122],"of":[123,186],"over":[124],"3":[125],"m":[126],"compared":[127],"conventional":[130],"L2A":[132],"product,":[133],"generalization":[135],"performance.":[136],"Applying":[137],"transfer":[138],"retraining":[141],"additional":[143],"further":[145,180],"accuracy,":[149,167],"even":[150],"limited":[152],"datasets.":[153],"findings":[155],"suggest":[156],"that":[157],"improving":[158],"enhances":[162],"maximizing":[168],"GEDI\u2019s":[169],"global":[170,191],"algorithms.":[173],"Optimizing":[174],"models":[175],"each":[177],"region":[178],"could":[179],"accuracy.":[182],"broader":[184],"application":[185],"this":[187],"may":[189],"carbon":[192],"cycle":[193],"understanding":[194],"climate":[196],"models.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}