{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404759890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433","title":"BDS-3/GNSS Undifferenced Pseudorange and Phase Time-Variant Mixed OSB Considering the Receiver Time-Variant Biases and Its Benefit on Multi-Frequency PPP","display_name":"BDS-3/GNSS Undifferenced Pseudorange and Phase Time-Variant Mixed OSB Considering the Receiver Time-Variant Biases and Its Benefit on Multi-Frequency PPP","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404759890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069947859","display_name":"Guoqiang Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-5341"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017046908","display_name":"Ke Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-5106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100094, China","National Key Laboratory of Space Target Awareness, Beijing 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Space Target Awareness, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028397173","display_name":"Min Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104220615","display_name":"Yuze Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068971686","display_name":"Hu Huaquan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaquan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017046908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11565098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"23","first_page":"4433","last_page":"4433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.982443630695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.907970666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.45273298025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.40304452180862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36290767788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35947132110595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.24051827192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17146751284599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14408543705940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11213579773902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.982443630695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.907970666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.45273298025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.40304452180862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36290767788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35947132110595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.24051827192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17146751284599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14408543705940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11213579773902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a585ad1904664eda8d7687e21728fc25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a585ad1904664eda8d7687e21728fc25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 23, p 4433 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16234433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545923740","https://openalex.org/W1813537582","https://openalex.org/W1975652992","https://openalex.org/W2045309674","https://openalex.org/W2080418342","https://openalex.org/W2148255198","https://openalex.org/W2151975955","https://openalex.org/W2519861347","https://openalex.org/W2520748035","https://openalex.org/W2530248864","https://openalex.org/W2535888575","https://openalex.org/W2545938879","https://openalex.org/W2563598428","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2771052324","https://openalex.org/W2776270453","https://openalex.org/W2804487349","https://openalex.org/W2884332781","https://openalex.org/W2889655779","https://openalex.org/W2944456005","https://openalex.org/W2971894182","https://openalex.org/W2983737391","https://openalex.org/W2995442655","https://openalex.org/W2999764109","https://openalex.org/W3009741568","https://openalex.org/W3046678527","https://openalex.org/W3169240906","https://openalex.org/W4210704181","https://openalex.org/W4224288093","https://openalex.org/W4293796530","https://openalex.org/W4297145480","https://openalex.org/W4306702103","https://openalex.org/W4310207742","https://openalex.org/W4313485773","https://openalex.org/W4381149623","https://openalex.org/W4391278014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216386610","https://openalex.org/W4239395258","https://openalex.org/W3204981892","https://openalex.org/W4380563814","https://openalex.org/W3130617165","https://openalex.org/W2904557485","https://openalex.org/W3198415914","https://openalex.org/W2772082021","https://openalex.org/W4387760931","https://openalex.org/W52232948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,134,161],"legacy":[1],"Global":[2],"Navigation":[3],"Satellite":[4],"System":[5],"(GNSS)":[6],"satellite":[7,35,45,95,157,231],"clock":[8,36,46,56,96,232],"offsets":[9,47,233],"obtained":[10],"by":[11,38,49,81,172,189],"the":[12,20,30,33,44,54,61,83,101,104,116,119,124,140,147,151,156,166,195,210,215,225],"dual-frequency":[13],"undifferenced":[14,91,227],"(UD)":[15],"ionospheric-free":[16],"(IF)":[17],"model":[18,92,121,136,228],"absorb":[19],"code":[21,105],"and":[22,98,106,122,163,174,176,191,218,224,237],"phase":[23,107,219],"time-variant":[24,85,108,153,220],"hardware":[25],"delays,":[26],"which":[27],"leads":[28],"to":[29,114],"inconsistency":[31],"of":[32,43,60,118,128,150,165,178,208],"precise":[34,130],"estimated":[37],"different":[39,50],"frequencies.":[40],"dissimilarity":[42],"generated":[48],"frequencies":[51],"is":[52,204],"called":[53],"inter-frequency":[55],"bias":[57,112,125],"(IFCB).":[58],"Estimates":[59],"IFCB":[62,102,212],"typically":[63],"employ":[64],"epoch-differenced":[65],"(ED)":[66],"geometry-free":[67],"ionosphere-free":[68],"(GFIF)":[69],"observations":[70],"from":[71],"global":[72],"networks.":[73],"However,":[74],"this":[75],"method":[76],"has":[77],"certain":[78],"theoretical":[79],"flaws":[80],"ignoring":[82],"receiver":[84,152],"biases.":[86],"We":[87],"proposed":[88,216],"a":[89],"new":[90,135,201,226],"coupled":[93,229],"with":[94,230],"offsets,":[97],"further":[99],"converted":[100],"into":[103],"mixed":[109,141,158,202,221],"observable-specific":[110],"signal":[111],"(OSB)":[113],"overcome":[115],"defects":[117],"traditional":[120,211],"simplify":[123],"correction":[126],"process":[127],"multi-frequency":[129,240],"point":[131],"positioning":[132],"(PPP).":[133],"not":[137],"only":[138],"improves":[139],"OSB":[142,159,168,180,203,222],"performance,":[143],"but":[144],"also":[145],"avoids":[146],"negative":[148],"impact":[149],"biases":[154],"on":[155],"estimation.":[160],"STD":[162],"RMS":[164],"original":[167],"can":[169,182,186],"be":[170,187],"improved":[171,188],"7.5\u201360.9%":[173],"9.4\u201366.1%,":[175],"that":[177,207],"ED":[179],"(it":[181],"reflect":[183],"noise":[184],"levels)":[185],"50.0\u201387.5%":[190],"60.0\u201388.9%,":[192],"respectively.":[193],"Similarly,":[194],"corresponding":[196],"PPP":[197],"performance":[198],"for":[199],"using":[200,209],"better":[205],"than":[206],"products.":[213],"Thus,":[214],"pseudorange":[217],"concept":[223],"are":[234],"reliable,":[235],"applicable,":[236],"effective":[238],"in":[239],"PPP.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}