{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404320487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224231","title":"Methods and Evaluation of AI-Based Meteorological Models for Zenith Tropospheric Delay Prediction","display_name":"Methods and Evaluation of AI-Based Meteorological Models for Zenith Tropospheric Delay Prediction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404320487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4231/pdf?version=1731508164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4231/pdf?version=1731508164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091045486","display_name":"Si Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-3955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101555","display_name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018wg9441","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiamu Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101555","display_name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018wg9441","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiamu Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101001297","display_name":"Xinchuang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101555","display_name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018wg9441","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchuang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107858270","display_name":"Z. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9272-545X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101555","display_name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018wg9441","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Beidou+ Industrial Development of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043074821","display_name":"Liangke Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liangke Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043074821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3772,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88965648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4231","last_page":"4231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6530065536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5669642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.566720724105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4519002139568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.38044512271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14752304553985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10934460163116455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6530065536499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5669642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.566720724105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4519002139568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.38044512271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14752304553985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10934460163116455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4231/pdf?version=1731508164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5580a81e9cc9473cb6730e54398d0ac2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5580a81e9cc9473cb6730e54398d0ac2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 22, p 4231 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16224231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4231/pdf?version=1731508164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009049029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Startup","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919384505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42474057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313620","display_name":"Hubei Provincial Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05yaa9j15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329781","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329782","display_name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018wg9441"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404320487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404320487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98242550","https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1539115379","https://openalex.org/W1831736661","https://openalex.org/W1965346026","https://openalex.org/W1972082223","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W2004110111","https://openalex.org/W2027598026","https://openalex.org/W2047158459","https://openalex.org/W2053987409","https://openalex.org/W2062123922","https://openalex.org/W2076486392","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2097918869","https://openalex.org/W2102343411","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2151947457","https://openalex.org/W2176673053","https://openalex.org/W2248698344","https://openalex.org/W2284447156","https://openalex.org/W2293419160","https://openalex.org/W2441682984","https://openalex.org/W2621200333","https://openalex.org/W2736087287","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2790454017","https://openalex.org/W2794760869","https://openalex.org/W3012319900","https://openalex.org/W3046869397","https://openalex.org/W3103293384","https://openalex.org/W3132280960","https://openalex.org/W3160418974","https://openalex.org/W3170849144","https://openalex.org/W3180936428","https://openalex.org/W3186018430","https://openalex.org/W4243100138","https://openalex.org/W4280529124","https://openalex.org/W4308501072","https://openalex.org/W4310235078","https://openalex.org/W4315481789","https://openalex.org/W4316466416","https://openalex.org/W4319878953","https://openalex.org/W4362581996","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W4388654737","https://openalex.org/W4388728292","https://openalex.org/W4389734430","https://openalex.org/W4389980338","https://openalex.org/W4389991898","https://openalex.org/W4392245072","https://openalex.org/W4395010148","https://openalex.org/W4395026284","https://openalex.org/W4401744431","https://openalex.org/W4402144842","https://openalex.org/W6855240311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2000020747","https://openalex.org/W1990218305","https://openalex.org/W4312858480","https://openalex.org/W2464306678","https://openalex.org/W3081598692","https://openalex.org/W166002175","https://openalex.org/W2435842359","https://openalex.org/W2079439827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zenith":[0],"Tropospheric":[1],"Delay":[2],"(ZTD)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,144],"significant":[6],"error":[7,146],"source":[8],"affecting":[9],"the":[10,20,50,56,69,73,140,163,169],"accuracy":[11,82,164],"of":[12,22,72,106,122,165],"certain":[13],"space":[14],"geodetic":[15],"measurements.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"evaluates":[19],"performance":[21],"Artificial":[23],"Intelligence":[24],"(AI)":[25],"based":[26],"meteorological":[27],"models,":[28,96],"such":[29],"as":[30],"Fengwu":[31,141],"and":[32,68,88,134,156],"Pangu,":[33],"in":[34,131,149,174],"estimating":[35],"real-time":[36],"ZTD.":[37,129],"The":[38,91],"results":[39],"from":[40,49,108],"these":[41],"AI":[42],"models":[43],"were":[44,159],"compared":[45,126,147],"with":[46,136],"those":[47],"obtained":[48],"Global":[51,74],"Navigation":[52],"Satellite":[53],"System":[54],"(GNSS),":[55],"fifth-generation":[57],"European":[58],"Centre":[59],"for":[60,171],"Medium-Range":[61],"Weather":[62],"Forecasts":[63],"(ECMWF)":[64],"Atmospheric":[65],"Reanalysis":[66],"(ERA5),":[67],"third":[70],"generation":[71],"Pressure\u2013Temperature":[75],"data":[76,107],"model":[77,142],"(GPT3)":[78],"to":[79,127,148,161],"assess":[80],"their":[81],"across":[83],"different":[84],"time":[85],"intervals,":[86],"seasons,":[87],"geographic":[89],"locations.":[90],"findings":[92],"reveal":[93],"that":[94,114],"AI-driven":[95],"particularly":[97],"Fengwu,":[98],"offer":[99],"higher":[100],"long-term":[101],"forecasting":[102],"accuracy.":[103],"An":[104],"analysis":[105],"81":[109],"stations":[110],"throughout":[111],"2023":[112],"indicates":[113],"Fengwu\u2019s":[115],"7-day":[116],"ZTD":[117,166],"forecast":[118],"achieved":[119],"an":[120],"RMSE":[121],"2.85":[123],"cm":[124],"when":[125],"GNSS-derived":[128],"However,":[130],"oceanic":[132],"regions":[133],"areas":[135],"complex":[137,175],"climatic":[138,176],"dynamics,":[139],"exhibited":[143],"larger":[145],"other":[150],"land":[151],"regions.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"seasonal":[154],"variations":[155],"station":[157],"altitude":[158],"found":[160],"influence":[162],"predictions,":[167],"emphasizing":[168],"need":[170],"detailed":[172],"modeling":[173],"zones.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
