{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403978502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214090","title":"Constructing Soil\u2013Landscape Units Based on Slope Position and Land Use to Improve Soil Prediction Accuracy","display_name":"Constructing Soil\u2013Landscape Units Based on Slope Position and Land Use to Improve Soil Prediction Accuracy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403978502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4090/pdf?version=1730474314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4090/pdf?version=1730474314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024998615","display_name":"Changda Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changda Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061737602","display_name":"Fubin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0617-1789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fubin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047192336","display_name":"Cheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1758-6031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023237216","display_name":"Wenhao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047317207","display_name":"Zihan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4890-9692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003848240","display_name":"Zhaofu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010104612","display_name":"Jianjun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-1600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010104612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90739536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"4090","last_page":"4090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.7594000101089478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.7594000101089478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.6769000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.6585999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5212900638580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.47402364015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.45695993304252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3902028203010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24926498532295227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5212900638580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.47402364015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45695993304252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3902028203010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24926498532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4090/pdf?version=1730474314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f75d0619e3ce46f19e1c166869a8b156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f75d0619e3ce46f19e1c166869a8b156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 21, p 4090 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214090","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4090/pdf?version=1730474314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1356514951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4614330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYCX21_0615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8034155778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403978502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403978502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W371805316","https://openalex.org/W564214369","https://openalex.org/W1490903001","https://openalex.org/W1502765484","https://openalex.org/W1549121951","https://openalex.org/W1584282649","https://openalex.org/W1699162966","https://openalex.org/W1964490732","https://openalex.org/W1971414292","https://openalex.org/W1974796439","https://openalex.org/W1990425532","https://openalex.org/W1991181858","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2005786949","https://openalex.org/W2031755318","https://openalex.org/W2049647840","https://openalex.org/W2061527331","https://openalex.org/W2065388210","https://openalex.org/W2160886094","https://openalex.org/W2167518054","https://openalex.org/W2273708466","https://openalex.org/W2287702348","https://openalex.org/W2475042703","https://openalex.org/W2588003345","https://openalex.org/W2749234186","https://openalex.org/W2893301845","https://openalex.org/W2949626374","https://openalex.org/W2951244100","https://openalex.org/W2962581536","https://openalex.org/W2984509215","https://openalex.org/W3002569076","https://openalex.org/W3021371660","https://openalex.org/W3049467578","https://openalex.org/W3090265201","https://openalex.org/W3091161885","https://openalex.org/W3092097165","https://openalex.org/W3188524028","https://openalex.org/W4213360982","https://openalex.org/W4309736104","https://openalex.org/W4380319077","https://openalex.org/W4393149555","https://openalex.org/W4401330444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2385118824","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2359476137","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W2362165903","https://openalex.org/W2085738998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Topography":[0],"is":[1,69,200,209],"one":[2],"of":[3,32,38],"the":[4,39,99,142,151,164,178,183,191,205],"dominant":[5],"factors":[6],"in":[7,23,168,234],"regional":[8],"soil":[9,43,66,111,152,170,173,235,251],"formation":[10],"and":[11,25,56,81,93,97,113,127,161,172,177,198,208,212,221,237,244,249],"development.":[12],"Soil":[13],"distribution":[14],"has":[15,28],"a":[16,29,86,147],"certain":[17],"pattern":[18,27],"from":[19],"high":[20,30,148],"to":[21,106,132],"low":[22],"space,":[24],"this":[26,118,135],"degree":[31],"consistency":[33,149],"with":[34,102,134,150],"slope":[35,78],"position.":[36],"Most":[37],"current":[40],"research":[41,72],"on":[42,73,91,159,196],"mapping":[44],"uses":[45],"landscape":[46,60],"types":[47,157,181,225],"generated":[48],"by":[49,204],"existing":[50],"methods":[51,62],"directly":[52],"as":[53,229],"environmental":[54,232],"covariates,":[55],"there":[57],"are":[58],"few":[59],"classification":[61,75,88,124,193,215,248],"specifically":[63],"oriented":[64],"toward":[65],"surveys.":[67],"There":[68],"rarely":[70],"any":[71],"landform":[74,87,100,123,156,192,214,219,247],"using":[76],"relative":[77],"position":[79],"(RSP)":[80],"elevation.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"we":[84],"designed":[85],"method":[89,194],"based":[90,158,195],"RSP":[92,160,197],"elevation,":[94],"Terrainforms":[95],"(TF),":[96],"combined":[98],"type":[101,105,112,171,220],"land":[103],"use":[104],"construct":[107],"soil\u2013landscape":[108,144,180,224],"units":[109,145],"for":[110,246],"attribute":[114],"spatial":[115,153],"prediction.":[116],"In":[117],"study,":[119],"two":[120],"commonly":[121],"used":[122,131,228],"methods,":[125],"Geomorphons":[126],"Landforms,":[128],"were":[129],"also":[130],"compare":[133],"design":[136],"method.":[137,216],"It":[138],"was":[139],"found":[140],"that":[141,190],"constructed":[143,179,223],"had":[146],"distribution.":[154],"The":[155,187,217],"elevation":[162,199],"obtained":[163,182],"second-highest":[165],"prediction":[166,185,236],"accuracy":[167],"both":[169],"organic":[174],"carbon":[175],"(SOC),":[176],"highest":[184],"accuracy.":[186],"results":[188],"show":[189],"not":[201],"easily":[202],"limited":[203],"analysis":[206],"scale,":[207],"an":[210,230],"efficient":[211],"accurate":[213],"TF":[218],"its":[222],"can":[226,240],"be":[227],"important":[231],"variable":[233],"sampling,":[238],"which":[239],"provide":[241],"some":[242],"guidance":[243],"reference":[245],"digital":[250],"mapping.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
