{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403814077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214007","title":"A Methodological Framework for High-Resolution Surface Urban Heat Island Mapping: Integration of UAS Remote Sensing, GIS, and the Local Climate Zoning Concept","display_name":"A Methodological Framework for High-Resolution Surface Urban Heat Island Mapping: Integration of UAS Remote Sensing, GIS, and the Local Climate Zoning Concept","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403814077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4007/pdf?version=1730123914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4007/pdf?version=1730123914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079412934","display_name":"Stelian Dimitrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stelian Dimitrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011247923","display_name":"Martin Iliev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-478X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Iliev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034204122","display_name":"Bilyana Borisova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-9514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilyana Borisova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001973797","display_name":"Lidiya Semerdzhieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidiya Semerdzhieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044605164","display_name":"Stefan Petrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58918642","display_name":"Sofia University \"St. Kliment Ohridski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3k292","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Petrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079412934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58918642"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76961212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"21","first_page":"4007","last_page":"4007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9485999941825867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoning","display_name":"Zoning","score":0.8142295479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6548664569854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-heat-island","display_name":"Urban heat island","score":0.47142094373703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.46702244877815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.3480684161186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32231056690216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.27209386229515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.11442923545837402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520944541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702232","display_name":"Zoning","level":2,"score":0.8142295479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6548664569854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.47142094373703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46702244877815247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3480684161186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32231056690216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.27209386229515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.11442923545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4007/pdf?version=1730123914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efe9c377e743424187b4943e559eb848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efe9c377e743424187b4943e559eb848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 21, p 4007 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16214007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214007","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/4007/pdf?version=1730123914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6266722752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BG-RRP-2.004-0008-C01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403814077.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W270461486","https://openalex.org/W1516486789","https://openalex.org/W1546074521","https://openalex.org/W1594134570","https://openalex.org/W1972744169","https://openalex.org/W1984494905","https://openalex.org/W1986615132","https://openalex.org/W2006273284","https://openalex.org/W2023824368","https://openalex.org/W2028529111","https://openalex.org/W2030737358","https://openalex.org/W2038252945","https://openalex.org/W2060152605","https://openalex.org/W2077630052","https://openalex.org/W2081369370","https://openalex.org/W2085495655","https://openalex.org/W2087116384","https://openalex.org/W2103820944","https://openalex.org/W2110076947","https://openalex.org/W2120543719","https://openalex.org/W2122771229","https://openalex.org/W2124306732","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2173760900","https://openalex.org/W2278915063","https://openalex.org/W2473418274","https://openalex.org/W2521351295","https://openalex.org/W2531514325","https://openalex.org/W2612958073","https://openalex.org/W2885696803","https://openalex.org/W2900116663","https://openalex.org/W2914674201","https://openalex.org/W2975944598","https://openalex.org/W3043226372","https://openalex.org/W3081444905","https://openalex.org/W3083790776","https://openalex.org/W3095878401","https://openalex.org/W3118907400","https://openalex.org/W3129293133","https://openalex.org/W3138916888","https://openalex.org/W3201520385","https://openalex.org/W3207007311","https://openalex.org/W4206573663","https://openalex.org/W4213096808","https://openalex.org/W4213252104","https://openalex.org/W4225620699","https://openalex.org/W4245972137","https://openalex.org/W4308886880","https://openalex.org/W4388500090","https://openalex.org/W4391996029","https://openalex.org/W4392949585","https://openalex.org/W4399727343","https://openalex.org/W4400208814","https://openalex.org/W4400522093","https://openalex.org/W6694767077","https://openalex.org/W6696651328","https://openalex.org/W6790612246","https://openalex.org/W6857627877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121717315","https://openalex.org/W263325194","https://openalex.org/W4285335834","https://openalex.org/W2205807669","https://openalex.org/W4387007449","https://openalex.org/W4205932328","https://openalex.org/W4206374577","https://openalex.org/W4241357287","https://openalex.org/W4205935056","https://openalex.org/W621863970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,205,282],"urban":[1,12,21,118,176,221,309],"heat":[2,177,311,347],"island":[3,178,312],"effect":[4],"(UHI)":[5],"is":[6,15,96,102,181,318],"among":[7],"the":[8,26,54,61,69,83,92,105,152,164,172,185,208,220,241,253,257,269,272,308,315,332,363],"major":[9,99],"challenges":[10],"of":[11,28,63,72,91,104,171,174,188,219,265,274,299,307,341,346,358,374],"climate,":[13],"which":[14,232],"continuously":[16],"intensifying":[17],"its":[18,223,229,342],"impact":[19],"on":[20,184,215,285,320,362],"life":[22],"and":[23,82,134,145,160,166,169,201,225,228,246,303,327,350,376],"functioning.":[24],"Against":[25],"backdrop":[27],"increasingly":[29],"prolonged":[30],"heatwaves":[31],"observed":[32],"in":[33,41,117,123,233,280,344,367,372],"recent":[34],"years,":[35],"practical":[36],"questions":[37],"about":[38],"adaptation":[39],"measures":[40],"cities":[42],"are":[43,112,131,278,353],"growing\u2014questions":[44],"that":[45,138,149,210,324],"traditional":[46],"meteorological":[47],"monitoring":[48],"can":[49,139,235],"hardly":[50],"answer":[51],"adequately.":[52],"On":[53],"other":[55],"hand,":[56],"UHI":[57,109,153],"has":[58],"long":[59,381],"been":[60],"focus":[62],"research":[64,110,213,242],"interest,":[65],"but":[66],"due":[67],"to":[68,85,142,330,385],"technological":[70,322],"complexity":[71],"providing":[73,132],"accurate":[74,245],"spatially":[75],"referenced":[76],"data":[77,189],"at":[78,87,268,334],"high":[79],"spatial":[80,119,224],"resolution":[81],"requirement":[84],"survey":[86],"strictly":[88],"defined":[89],"parts":[90],"day,":[93],"information":[94,147,248],"provision":[95],"becoming":[97],"a":[98,158,216,356,379],"challenge.":[100],"This":[101,155],"one":[103],"main":[106],"reasons":[107],"why":[108],"results":[111],"less":[113],"often":[114],"used":[115],"directly":[116],"planning.":[120],"However,":[121],"advances":[122],"geospatial":[124,263],"technologies,":[125],"including":[126,198,271,336],"unmanned":[127,191],"aerial":[128,192],"systems":[129,193],"(UASs),":[130],"more":[133,135],"reliable":[136,247],"tools":[137,323],"be":[140,237],"applied":[141],"achieve":[143],"better":[144],"higher-quality":[146],"resources":[148],"adequately":[150],"characterize":[151],"phenomenon.":[154],"paper":[156],"presents":[157],"developed":[159],"tested":[161],"methodology":[162,283],"for":[163,261,288,296,304],"rapid":[165],"efficient":[167,262],"assessment":[168],"mapping":[170],"effects":[173],"surface":[175,310],"(SUHI).":[179,313],"It":[180],"entirely":[182],"based":[183,319],"integrated":[186],"use":[187],"from":[190,355,383],"(UAS)-based":[194],"remote":[195],"sensing":[196],"methods,":[197],"thermal":[199],"photogrammetry":[200],"GIS-based":[202],"analysis":[203],"methods.":[204],"study":[206],"follows":[207],"understanding":[209,218],"correct":[211],"SUHI":[212,266,276],"depends":[214],"proper":[217],"geosystem,":[222],"structural":[226],"heterogeneity,":[227],"functional":[230],"systems,":[231],"turn":[234],"only":[236],"achieved":[238],"by":[239,256,337],"supporting":[240],"process":[243],"with":[244],"resources.":[249],"In":[250],"this":[251],"regard,":[252],"possibilities":[254],"offered":[255],"proposed":[258,316],"methodological":[259],"scheme":[260,317],"registration":[264],"variations":[267],"microscale,":[270],"calculation":[273],"intra-urban":[275],"intensity,":[277],"discussed":[279],"detail.":[281],"builds":[284],"classical":[286],"approaches":[287],"using":[289],"local":[290],"climate":[291],"zoning":[292],"(LCZ),":[293],"adding":[294],"capabilities":[295,329],"precise":[297],"delineation":[298],"individual":[300],"zone":[301],"types":[302],"geostatistical":[305],"characterization":[306],"Finally,":[314],"state-of-the-art":[321],"provide":[325],"flexible":[326,339],"automated":[328],"investigate":[331],"phenomenon":[333],"microscales,":[335],"enabling":[338],"observation":[340],"dynamics":[343],"terms":[345,373],"wave":[348],"manifestation":[349],"evolution.":[351],"Results":[352],"presented":[354],"series":[357],"sequential":[359],"tests":[360],"conducted":[361],"largest":[364],"residential":[365],"area":[366,375],"Bulgaria\u2019s":[368],"capital":[369],"city,":[370],"Sofia,":[371],"population,":[377],"over":[378],"relatively":[380],"period":[382],"2021":[384],"2024.":[386]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
