{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403612011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203837","title":"Tropical Cyclone Wind Direction Retrieval Based on Wind Streaks and Rain Bands in SAR Images","display_name":"Tropical Cyclone Wind Direction Retrieval Based on Wind Streaks and Rain Bands in SAR Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403612011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16203837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/20/3837/pdf?version=1729004265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/20/3837/pdf?version=1729004265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107808296","display_name":"Z. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5094-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhancai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107922657","display_name":"Hongwei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-4204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079148043","display_name":"Weihua Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-7469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025579582","display_name":"Kaijun Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaijun Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028013868","display_name":"Shensen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-4397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shensen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066637086","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079148043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81042327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"20","first_page":"3837","last_page":"3837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-sustained-wind","display_name":"Maximum sustained wind","score":0.529240608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5216844081878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-cyclone","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","score":0.48467233777046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainband","display_name":"Rainband","score":0.45666319131851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4322529733181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.42594707012176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4006311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-direction","display_name":"Wind direction","score":0.39305076003074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.2759740352630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.22023174166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-gradient","display_name":"Wind gradient","score":0.11127251386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10983318090438843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82313973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795923","display_name":"Maximum sustained wind","level":5,"score":0.529240608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5216844081878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29141058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8092","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.48467233777046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165479943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882177","display_name":"Rainband","level":3,"score":0.45666319131851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4322529733181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.42594707012176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4006311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107775477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057900","display_name":"Wind direction","level":3,"score":0.39305076003074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.2759740352630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.22023174166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118536763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8023978","display_name":"Wind gradient","level":4,"score":0.11127251386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10983318090438843}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16203837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/20/3837/pdf?version=1729004265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:909766e633634b1faab671ff09d25202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/909766e633634b1faab671ff09d25202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 20, p 3837 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16203837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203837","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/20/3837/pdf?version=1729004265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403612011.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902339481","https://openalex.org/W2028300352","https://openalex.org/W2052960867","https://openalex.org/W2084181144","https://openalex.org/W2101701714","https://openalex.org/W2110279975","https://openalex.org/W2116430136","https://openalex.org/W2120244012","https://openalex.org/W2130484591","https://openalex.org/W2143458180","https://openalex.org/W2151124798","https://openalex.org/W2381445981","https://openalex.org/W2382975004","https://openalex.org/W2384653523","https://openalex.org/W2733457189","https://openalex.org/W2792696662","https://openalex.org/W2795490417","https://openalex.org/W2800895337","https://openalex.org/W2807567209","https://openalex.org/W2889584816","https://openalex.org/W2896977152","https://openalex.org/W2908588443","https://openalex.org/W2964374910","https://openalex.org/W2987330292","https://openalex.org/W3089254065","https://openalex.org/W3096901230","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W4285287044","https://openalex.org/W4311187059","https://openalex.org/W4312754353","https://openalex.org/W4388739214","https://openalex.org/W4389519693","https://openalex.org/W4399041888","https://openalex.org/W6688345587","https://openalex.org/W6709860876","https://openalex.org/W6784080401","https://openalex.org/W7039479217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061606558","https://openalex.org/W2106437000","https://openalex.org/W4393849328","https://openalex.org/W3069398229","https://openalex.org/W2201274530","https://openalex.org/W1516917318","https://openalex.org/W2001811303","https://openalex.org/W1548188361","https://openalex.org/W4312837341","https://openalex.org/W2017544216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tropical":[0],"cyclones":[1],"(TCs)":[2],"are":[3],"associated":[4,141],"with":[5,142,167],"severe":[6],"weather":[7],"phenomena,":[8],"making":[9],"accurate":[10,180],"wind":[11,29,33,45,59,83,139,172,182,193],"field":[12],"retrieval":[13,148],"crucial":[14],"for":[15,25,57,106],"TC":[16,26,44,70,93,123,152,181,192],"monitoring.":[17],"SAR\u2019s":[18],"high-resolution":[19],"imaging":[20],"capability":[21],"provides":[22],"detailed":[23],"information":[24],"observation,":[27],"and":[28,86,125,159,169,177],"speed":[30],"calculations":[31],"require":[32],"direction":[34,60,140,147,194],"as":[35],"prior":[36],"information.":[37],"Therefore,":[38],"utilizing":[39],"SAR":[40,62,90,151],"images":[41,63,91,153],"to":[42,81,117,129,136],"retrieve":[43],"fields":[46],"is":[47,103,115,134],"of":[48,64,69,121,157,163],"significant":[49],"importance.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"introduces":[53],"a":[54,75,160],"novel":[55],"approach":[56],"retrieving":[58],"from":[61,149],"TCs":[65],"through":[66],"the":[67,99,119,122,127,130,138,143,187],"classification":[68],"sub-images.":[71],"The":[72],"method":[73],"utilizes":[74],"transfer":[76],"learning-based":[77],"Inception":[78],"V3":[79],"model":[80],"identify":[82],"streaks":[84],"(WSs)":[85],"rain":[87,109,132,144],"bands":[88,133],"in":[89,191],"under":[92],"conditions.":[94],"For":[95],"sub-images":[96,107],"containing":[97,108],"WSs,":[98],"Mexican-hat":[100],"wavelet":[101],"transform":[102],"applied,":[104],"while":[105],"bands,":[110],"an":[111,155],"edge":[112],"detection":[113],"technique":[114],"used":[116],"locate":[118],"center":[120],"eye":[124],"subsequently":[126],"tangent":[128],"spiral":[131],"employed":[135],"determine":[137],"bands.":[145],"Wind":[146],"10":[150],"showed":[154],"RMSD":[156],"19.52\u00b0":[158],"correlation":[161],"coefficient":[162],"0.96":[164],"when":[165],"compared":[166],"ECMWF":[168],"HRD":[170],"observation":[171],"directions,":[173],"demonstrating":[174],"satisfactory":[175],"consistency":[176],"providing":[178],"highly":[179],"directions.":[183],"These":[184],"results":[185],"confirm":[186],"method\u2019s":[188],"potential":[189],"applications":[190],"retrieval.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
