{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403191154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722","title":"Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Zebra Crossings in Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Clouds","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Zebra Crossings in Vehicle-Mounted LiDAR Point Clouds","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403191154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16193722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039623064","display_name":"Zhenfeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8592-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131857","display_name":"Yunnan Forestry Vocational and Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03d8y7214","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131857"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenfeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","Faculty of Road and Construction Engineering, Yunnan Communications Vocational and Technical College, Kunming 650504, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8592-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Road and Construction Engineering, Yunnan Communications Vocational and Technical College, Kunming 650504, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080338812","display_name":"Shu Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-9544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071910412","display_name":"Bo Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Feculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6699-7428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Feculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732343","display_name":"Xinpeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-3485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinpeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061620849","display_name":"Chong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-0201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-0201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061620849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72731381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"19","first_page":"3722","last_page":"3722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6723291873931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.593969464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5408667922019958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4380817413330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2940797209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1951807141304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06593930721282959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6723291873931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.593969464302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5408667922019958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4380817413330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2940797209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1951807141304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06593930721282959}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16193722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46e82e9167f64d5ab12c4c5e3e780f64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46e82e9167f64d5ab12c4c5e3e780f64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 19, p 3722 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16193722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16193722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W2027620726","https://openalex.org/W2045388733","https://openalex.org/W2058155422","https://openalex.org/W2087950276","https://openalex.org/W2144931885","https://openalex.org/W2437035415","https://openalex.org/W2477817637","https://openalex.org/W2478976704","https://openalex.org/W2505558069","https://openalex.org/W2560566301","https://openalex.org/W2799924016","https://openalex.org/W2807603166","https://openalex.org/W2893333163","https://openalex.org/W2902218628","https://openalex.org/W2913855599","https://openalex.org/W2915486752","https://openalex.org/W2942911839","https://openalex.org/W2944083289","https://openalex.org/W2955719699","https://openalex.org/W2962830262","https://openalex.org/W2987974971","https://openalex.org/W3043821922","https://openalex.org/W3081746366","https://openalex.org/W3094398790","https://openalex.org/W3127982036","https://openalex.org/W3130159545","https://openalex.org/W3142459166","https://openalex.org/W3176354939","https://openalex.org/W3193790068","https://openalex.org/W3196065253","https://openalex.org/W3197704249","https://openalex.org/W3197762829","https://openalex.org/W4220745913","https://openalex.org/W4296744026","https://openalex.org/W4319828682","https://openalex.org/W4361274151","https://openalex.org/W4387753658","https://openalex.org/W4392169009","https://openalex.org/W4392351523","https://openalex.org/W4399236560","https://openalex.org/W4399301533","https://openalex.org/W7024571960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,43,118,127,143,158,162,166,168,173,177,190,201,209],"production":[2],"of":[3,14,27,45,89,120,131,157,161,205],"high-definition":[4],"maps,":[5],"it":[6,238],"is":[7,18,54,135,150,180,186],"necessary":[8],"to":[9,20,116,141],"achieve":[10],"three-dimensional":[12],"instantiation":[13],"road":[15,38],"furniture":[16,39],"that":[17],"difficult":[19],"depict":[21],"on":[22,70],"traditional":[23],"maps.":[24],"The":[25,182,227],"development":[26],"mobile":[28],"laser":[29],"measurement":[30],"technology":[31],"provides":[32],"a":[33,65,147],"new":[34],"means":[35],"for":[36],"acquiring":[37],"data.":[40],"To":[41],"address":[42],"issue":[44],"traffic":[46],"marking":[47],"extraction":[48],"accuracy":[49,216,223],"in":[50,79,242],"practical":[51,243],"production,":[52],"which":[53],"affected":[55],"by":[56,138,188],"degradation,":[57],"occlusion,":[58],"and":[59,73,109,152,172,196,220,229,237],"non-standard":[60],"variations,":[61],"this":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"3D":[66,183,203],"reconstruction":[67,184,204,230],"method":[68,199],"based":[69],"energy":[71,154,191],"functions":[72],"template":[74,149,178],"matching,":[75],"using":[76,123],"zebra":[77,93,121,133,206],"crossings":[78,94],"vehicle-mounted":[80],"LiDAR":[81],"point":[82,101,163],"clouds":[83],"as":[84],"an":[85,153,212,221],"example.":[86],"First,":[87],"regions":[88],"interest":[90],"(RoIs)":[91],"containing":[92],"are":[95,103,114],"obtained":[96,105,187],"through":[97],"manual":[98],"selection.":[99],"Candidate":[100],"sets":[102],"then":[104],"at":[106,176],"fixed":[107],"distances,":[108],"their":[110],"neighborhood":[111],"intensity":[112,129,160,169,174],"features":[113],"calculated":[115],"determine":[117,142],"number":[119],"stripes":[122,207],"non-maximum":[124],"suppression.":[125],"Next,":[126],"slice":[128],"feature":[130],"each":[132],"stripe":[134],"calculated,":[136],"followed":[137],"outlier":[139],"filtering":[140],"optimized":[144],"length.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"matching":[148,228],"selected,":[151],"function":[155],"composed":[156],"average":[159,213],"cloud":[164],"within":[165,208,217,224],"template,":[167],"information":[170],"entropy,":[171],"gradient":[175],"boundary":[179],"constructed.":[181],"result":[185],"solving":[189],"function,":[192],"performing":[193],"mode":[194],"statistics,":[195],"normalization.":[197],"This":[198],"enables":[200],"complete":[202],"RoI,":[210],"maintaining":[211],"planar":[214],"corner":[215],"0.05":[218],"m":[219],"elevation":[222],"0.02":[225],"m.":[226],"time":[231],"does":[232],"not":[233],"exceed":[234],"1":[235],"s,":[236],"has":[239],"been":[240],"applied":[241],"production.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
