{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402765429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183541","title":"Central Difference Variational Filtering Based on Conjugate Gradient Method for Distributed Imaging Application","display_name":"Central Difference Variational Filtering Based on Conjugate Gradient Method for Distributed Imaging Application","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402765429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16183541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183541","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3541/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461044","display_name":"Wen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mechanics and Acoustics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102200, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mechanics and Acoustics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 102200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006052289","display_name":"Fubo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-052X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fubo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358457","display_name":"Hongmei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-4056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36152291","display_name":"Henan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbgwt55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36152291"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36152291"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100461044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13283063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"18","first_page":"3541","last_page":"3541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.6992092728614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5283259749412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate","display_name":"Conjugate","score":0.5145556330680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2368001937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18457797169685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13328757882118225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.6992092728614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5283259749412537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197336794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161150","display_name":"Conjugate","level":2,"score":0.5145556330680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2368001937866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18457797169685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13328757882118225}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16183541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183541","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:886fd1701d304b5f97fc023c99afab89","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/886fd1701d304b5f97fc023c99afab89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 18, p 3541 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16183541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183541","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3541/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1549153543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722368571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U18041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126498422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPX0353521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4630872448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22102210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5402567343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1804161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6798002647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPY0009861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8521222325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HZ202201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321955","display_name":"Henan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbgwt55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322878","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331086","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology, China","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402765429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402765429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89654658","https://openalex.org/W1989508125","https://openalex.org/W2012231377","https://openalex.org/W2066743741","https://openalex.org/W2091549324","https://openalex.org/W2098097726","https://openalex.org/W2099371695","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2137043637","https://openalex.org/W2163233841","https://openalex.org/W2316564661","https://openalex.org/W2751613606","https://openalex.org/W2754945678","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2957730812","https://openalex.org/W2970983190","https://openalex.org/W2998566163","https://openalex.org/W3006654412","https://openalex.org/W3207149557","https://openalex.org/W4285066481","https://openalex.org/W4311001965","https://openalex.org/W4312623753","https://openalex.org/W6603640814","https://openalex.org/W6680548674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2143004018","https://openalex.org/W2330362314","https://openalex.org/W2435669318","https://openalex.org/W1995639836","https://openalex.org/W2103568534","https://openalex.org/W2057862416","https://openalex.org/W2754988198","https://openalex.org/W1503783781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"airborne":[1,32],"distributed":[2],"position":[3],"and":[4,17,40,49,73,185],"orientation":[5],"system":[6],"(ADPOS),":[7],"which":[8],"integrates":[9],"multi-inertia":[10],"measurement":[11,176],"units":[12],"(IMUs),":[13],"a":[14,18,26,180,211],"data-processing":[15],"computer,":[16],"Global":[19],"Navigation":[20],"Satellite":[21],"System":[22],"(GNSS),":[23],"serves":[24],"as":[25,37,67],"key":[27],"sensor":[28],"in":[29,102,133],"new":[30],"higher-resolution":[31],"remote":[33],"sensing":[34],"applications,":[35],"such":[36,66],"array":[38],"SAR":[39],"multi-node":[41],"imaging":[42],"loads.":[43],"ADPOS":[44,182],"can":[45],"provide":[46],"reliable,":[47],"high-precision":[48],"high-frequency":[50],"spatio-temporal":[51],"reference":[52],"information":[53],"to":[54,125,174,202],"realize":[55],"multinode":[56],"motion":[57,196],"compensation":[58,208],"with":[59,88],"the":[60,112,121,127,134,141,151,156,163,170,186,191,194,203,207],"various":[61],"nonlinear":[62,79],"filter":[63],"estimation":[64,86,93,128,166],"methods":[65],"Central":[68,105],"Difference":[69,106],"Kalman":[70],"Filtering":[71,108],"(CDKF),":[72],"modified":[74],"CDKF.":[75,205],"Although":[76],"these":[77],"known":[78],"models":[80],"demonstrate":[81],"good":[82],"performance,":[83],"their":[84],"noise":[85,148],"performance":[87,129,209],"its":[89],"linear":[90],"minimum":[91,164],"variance":[92,165],"criterion":[94,167],"is":[95,116,160],"limited":[96],"for":[97,130],"ADPOS.":[98],"For":[99],"this":[100,103],"reason,":[101],"paper,":[104],"Variational":[107],"(CDVF)":[109],"based":[110,168],"on":[111,169],"variational":[113,152],"optimization":[114,153],"process":[115],"presented.":[117],"This":[118],"method":[119,143],"adopts":[120],"conjugate":[122,171],"gradient":[123,172],"algorithm":[124,173],"enhance":[126],"mean":[131],"correction":[132],"filtering":[135],"update":[136],"stage.":[137],"On":[138,155],"one":[139],"hand,":[140,158],"proposed":[142],"achieves":[144],"adaptability":[145],"by":[146],"estimating":[147],"covariance":[149],"through":[150],"method.":[154],"other":[157],"robustness":[159],"implemented":[161],"under":[162],"suppress":[175],"noise.":[177],"We":[178],"conducted":[179],"real":[181],"flight":[183],"test,":[184],"experimental":[187],"results":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"accuracy":[192],"of":[193],"slave":[195],"parameters":[197],"has":[198],"significantly":[199],"improved":[200],"compared":[201],"current":[204],"Moreover,":[206],"shows":[210],"clear":[212],"enhancement.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}