{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402278344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173297","title":"Vegetation Masking of Remote Sensing Data Aids Machine Learning for Soil Fertility Prediction","display_name":"Vegetation Masking of Remote Sensing Data Aids Machine Learning for Soil Fertility Prediction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402278344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173297","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3297/pdf?version=1725524037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3297/pdf?version=1725524037","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073230696","display_name":"H. Winzeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Edwin Winzeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Texas, 411 S Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX 76019, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Texas, 411 S Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX 76019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053774949","display_name":"Marcelo Mancini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315085146","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Lavras","ror":"https://ror.org/0122bmm03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Mancini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 465 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 465 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055802800","display_name":"Joshua Blackstock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-6831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110627","display_name":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qqnbq97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I4210122704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua M. Blackstock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies, University of Arkansas, 227 N. Harmon Av., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA","Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 340 N. Campus Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies, University of Arkansas, 227 N. Harmon Av., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 340 N. Campus Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060427329","display_name":"Zamir Libohova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110627","display_name":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qqnbq97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I4210122704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zamir Libohova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079272425","display_name":"Phillip Owens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-8500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110627","display_name":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qqnbq97","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I4210122704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phillip R. Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 6883 AR-23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110627","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051080292","display_name":"Amanda J. Ashworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda J. Ashworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, O-303 Poultry Science Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, O-303 Poultry Science Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102000364","display_name":"David M. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 465 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 465 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074518521","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Henrique Godinho Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315085146","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Lavras","ror":"https://ror.org/0122bmm03","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9rgio H. G. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315085146"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079272425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210110627"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81566925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3297","last_page":"3297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6013265252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5488454103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.4446745216846466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40491780638694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1393970549106598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07957524061203003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6013265252113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5488454103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.4446745216846466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40491780638694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1393970549106598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07957524061203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173297","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3297/pdf?version=1725524037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd4e1572a82d40ddad58cb08ca8cd469","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd4e1572a82d40ddad58cb08ca8cd469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3297 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173297","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3297/pdf?version=1725524037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3331681876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G477295195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-67013-37319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5079005330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"support","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7074872670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00-000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7614337225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAPES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8352495148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0500-00093-001-00-D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8357976619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FAPEMIG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8907847771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0500-00093-001-00-D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","funder_display_name":"Agricultural Research Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402278344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402278344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549716303","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W2021127877","https://openalex.org/W2024942603","https://openalex.org/W2037557695","https://openalex.org/W2081819300","https://openalex.org/W2127839352","https://openalex.org/W2129961764","https://openalex.org/W2150016885","https://openalex.org/W2610375569","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2774152043","https://openalex.org/W2799759245","https://openalex.org/W2804233742","https://openalex.org/W2910053993","https://openalex.org/W2990427812","https://openalex.org/W3011860789","https://openalex.org/W3083755382","https://openalex.org/W3111451169","https://openalex.org/W3112784233","https://openalex.org/W3149236007","https://openalex.org/W3153503777","https://openalex.org/W4240826164","https://openalex.org/W4244693036","https://openalex.org/W4283161825","https://openalex.org/W4308695913","https://openalex.org/W4313244220","https://openalex.org/W4386947349","https://openalex.org/W4399201252","https://openalex.org/W4399548037","https://openalex.org/W6787055280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081694532","https://openalex.org/W1969211203","https://openalex.org/W1517958729","https://openalex.org/W2092272653","https://openalex.org/W1992704972","https://openalex.org/W271627879","https://openalex.org/W2349444258","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W1985388337","https://openalex.org/W4290729391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0],"nutrient":[1,95],"content":[2],"varies":[3],"spatially":[4,28],"across":[5],"agricultural":[6,103],"fields":[7],"in":[8,12,63,197,201],"hard-to-predict":[9],"ways,":[10],"particularly":[11],"floodplains":[13],"with":[14,40],"complex":[15],"fluvial":[16],"depositional":[17],"history.":[18],"Satellite":[19],"reflectance":[20,31,53],"data":[21,32,144,156,194],"from":[22,46,140,192],"the":[23,143],"Sentinel-2":[24],"(S2)":[25],"mission":[26],"provides":[27],"continuous":[29],"land":[30,52],"that":[33,58,132],"can":[34],"aid":[35],"model":[36,136,150],"development":[37],"when":[38],"used":[39,148],"point":[41,113],"observations":[42],"of":[43,54,86,142,146,166],"nutrients.":[44],"Reflectance":[45],"vegetation":[47,62,71,134],"is":[48],"assumed":[49],"to":[50,84,115,162,178],"obstruct":[51],"bare":[55],"soil,":[56],"such":[57],"researchers":[59],"have":[60],"masked":[61],"models.":[64],"We":[65],"developed":[66,93],"a":[67,101,116],"routine":[68],"for":[69,81,97,121,138,149,182],"masking":[70,133,161],"within":[72],"Google":[73],"Earth":[74],"Engine":[75],"(GEE)":[76],"using":[77,105],"Random":[78],"Forest":[79],"classification":[80],"iterative":[82],"application":[83],"libraries":[85],"S2-images.":[87],"Using":[88],"gradient":[89],"boosting,":[90],"we":[91],"then":[92],"soil":[94,189,199],"models":[96,139,181],"surface":[98],"soils":[99],"at":[100,111],"250-ha":[102],"site":[104],"S2":[106,193],"images.":[107],"Soils":[108],"were":[109,172],"sampled":[110],"2145":[112],"locations":[114],"23-cm":[117],"depth":[118],"and":[119,128,170,185],"analyzed":[120],"Ca,":[122,167],"K,":[123,168],"Mg,":[124,169],"P,":[125,184],"pH,":[126,183],"S,":[127],"Zn.":[129],"Results":[130],"showed":[131],"improved":[135],"performance":[137],"subsets":[141],"(80%":[145],"samples":[147],"development,":[151],"20%":[152],"validation),":[153],"but":[154,180],"full":[155],"sets":[157],"did":[158],"not":[159],"require":[160],"achieve":[163],"accuracy.":[164],"Models":[165],"S":[171],"successful":[173],"(validation":[174],"R2":[175],"&gt;":[176],"0.60":[177],"0.96),":[179],"Zn":[186],"failed.":[187],"Bare":[188],"composite":[190],"images":[191],"are":[195],"helpful":[196],"predicting":[198],"fertility":[200],"low-relief":[202],"floodplains.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
