{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402132483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226","title":"Machine Learning-Based Remote Sensing Inversion of Non-Photosynthetic/Photosynthetic Vegetation Coverage in Desertified Areas and Its Response to Drought Analysis","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Remote Sensing Inversion of Non-Photosynthetic/Photosynthetic Vegetation Coverage in Desertified Areas and Its Response to Drought Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402132483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101137923","display_name":"Zichen Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16295237","display_name":"Gansu Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ym42410","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16295237"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zichen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16295237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687260","display_name":"Shulin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-3260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shulin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China","Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112410875","display_name":"Kun Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China","Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103121880","display_name":"Wenping Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-9552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106526","display_name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/01jz1e142","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210106526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenping Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106526","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693927","display_name":"Xiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4276-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101137923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16295237"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.9349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85849281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3226","last_page":"3226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6472153067588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"Photosynthesis","score":0.6242798566818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5395045280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.4834781289100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4527103006839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2701401710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.13642683625221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08562076091766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.061537355184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.05831724405288696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6472153067588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.6242798566818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5395045280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4834781289100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4527103006839752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2701401710510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.13642683625221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08562076091766357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.061537355184555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.05831724405288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:951224314b45465e8bc2ca99ab465a03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/951224314b45465e8bc2ca99ab465a03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3226 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6086309703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7814726196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42307564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930021590","https://openalex.org/W1943367877","https://openalex.org/W1983225675","https://openalex.org/W1985370128","https://openalex.org/W1991774413","https://openalex.org/W2000102737","https://openalex.org/W2000181981","https://openalex.org/W2006280268","https://openalex.org/W2016907874","https://openalex.org/W2020599985","https://openalex.org/W2042348866","https://openalex.org/W2065051496","https://openalex.org/W2069103934","https://openalex.org/W2077968790","https://openalex.org/W2091378956","https://openalex.org/W2102498915","https://openalex.org/W2109006150","https://openalex.org/W2167787089","https://openalex.org/W2175832239","https://openalex.org/W2184343784","https://openalex.org/W2259084702","https://openalex.org/W2349616463","https://openalex.org/W2395150631","https://openalex.org/W2400427942","https://openalex.org/W2490299809","https://openalex.org/W2770143697","https://openalex.org/W2800568734","https://openalex.org/W2884667450","https://openalex.org/W2896097557","https://openalex.org/W2897441068","https://openalex.org/W2947810513","https://openalex.org/W2948670376","https://openalex.org/W2996070409","https://openalex.org/W3000268783","https://openalex.org/W3005045173","https://openalex.org/W3021895922","https://openalex.org/W3037552201","https://openalex.org/W3082757864","https://openalex.org/W3113450821","https://openalex.org/W3158133945","https://openalex.org/W3181912906","https://openalex.org/W3195678159","https://openalex.org/W3198084535","https://openalex.org/W3205437639","https://openalex.org/W3213426859","https://openalex.org/W4200417737","https://openalex.org/W4200538130","https://openalex.org/W4375834805","https://openalex.org/W4391539832","https://openalex.org/W4394895899","https://openalex.org/W6685945931","https://openalex.org/W6763266602","https://openalex.org/W6798232872","https://openalex.org/W6864967817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020416804","https://openalex.org/W4230872572","https://openalex.org/W2351343194","https://openalex.org/W2370735077","https://openalex.org/W2073042157","https://openalex.org/W623785674","https://openalex.org/W2168515128","https://openalex.org/W2053411898","https://openalex.org/W2056071674","https://openalex.org/W1987296276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"the":[1,19,31,73,99,107,112,115,126,180,211,214,221,233,249],"responses":[2,74],"of":[3,23,33,75,114,123,182,232,235,252],"non-photosynthetic":[4],"vegetation":[5,9,212],"(NPV)":[6],"and":[7,21,36,49,61,77,81,138,153,163,186,200,224,240],"photosynthetic":[8],"(PV)":[10],"communities":[11],"to":[12,79,218,238],"climate":[13],"change":[14],"is":[15,189],"crucial":[16],"in":[17,119,125,203,213],"illustrating":[18],"sensitivity":[20],"sustainability":[22],"these":[24],"ecosystems.":[25],"In":[26,94],"this":[27],"study,":[28],"we":[29,57,71],"evaluated":[30],"accuracy":[32],"inverting":[34],"NPV":[35,60,76,95,162,185],"PV":[37,62,78,164,204],"using":[38,65],"Landsat":[39],"imagery":[40],"with":[41,131,135,142,149],"random":[42,146],"forest":[43,147],"(RF),":[44],"backpropagation":[45],"neural":[46,52],"network":[47,53],"(BPNN),":[48],"fully":[50],"connected":[51],"(FCNN)":[54],"models.":[55],"Additionally,":[56],"inverted":[58],"MODIS":[59],"time-series":[63],"data":[64,246],"spectral":[66],"unmixing.":[67],"Based":[68],"on":[69],"this,":[70],"analyzed":[72],"precipitation":[80,183,195,219],"drought":[82,173,199,209,239],"across":[83],"different":[84],"ecological":[85],"regions.":[86],"The":[87],"main":[88],"conclusions":[89],"are":[90],"as":[91],"follows:":[92],"(1)":[93],"remote":[96],"sensing":[97],"inversion,":[98],"softmax":[100,116],"activation":[101,109],"function":[102,117],"demonstrates":[103],"greater":[104],"advantages":[105],"over":[106,150],"ReLU":[108],"function.":[110],"Specifically,":[111],"use":[113],"results":[118,160],"an":[120,201,230],"approximate":[121],"increase":[122,202],"0.35":[124],"R2":[127],"value.":[128],"(2)":[129],"Compared":[130],"a":[132,139,145,190,245],"five-layer":[133],"FCNN":[134],"128":[136],"neurons":[137],"three-layer":[140],"BPNN":[141],"12":[143],"neurons,":[144],"model":[148],"50":[151],"trees":[152],"5":[154],"leaf":[155],"nodes":[156],"provides":[157,229],"better":[158],"inversion":[159],"for":[161,248],"(R2_RF-NPV":[165],"=":[166,169],"0.843,":[167],"R2_RF-PV":[168],"0.861).":[170],"(3)":[171],"Long-term":[172],"or":[174],"heavy":[175],"rainfall":[176],"events":[177,196],"can":[178],"affect":[179],"utilization":[181],"by":[184],"PV.":[187],"There":[188],"high":[191],"correlation":[192],"between":[193],"extreme":[194],"following":[197],"prolonged":[198],"coverage.":[205],"(4)":[206],"Under":[207],"long-term":[208],"conditions,":[210],"study":[215,228],"area":[216],"responded":[217],"during":[220],"last":[222],"winter":[223],"growing":[225],"season.":[226],"This":[227],"illustration":[231],"response":[234],"semi-arid":[236],"ecosystems":[237],"wetting":[241],"events,":[242],"thereby":[243],"offering":[244],"basis":[247],"effect":[250],"evaluation":[251],"afforestation":[253],"projects.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}