{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401993447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197","title":"Early-Stage Mapping of Winter Canola by Combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data in Jianghan Plain China","display_name":"Early-Stage Mapping of Winter Canola by Combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data in Jianghan Plain China","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401993447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3197/pdf?version=1724939951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3197/pdf?version=1724939951","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442047","display_name":"Tingting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7840-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China","College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371514","display_name":"Peipei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peipei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009738904","display_name":"Feng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-933X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-933X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454053","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-1789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081480445","display_name":"Ran Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-9934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ran Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China","National Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies and Systems, Harbin 150008, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-9934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies and Systems, Harbin 150008, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081480445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.1042,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78810984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3197","last_page":"3197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canola","display_name":"Canola","score":0.7585446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.689598023891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5111244320869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41816964745521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32189202308654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1751091182231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.11206555366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06638506054878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.05691102147102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.05205625295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779223168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98841400","display_name":"Canola","level":2,"score":0.7585446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.689598023891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5111244320869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41816964745521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32189202308654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1751091182231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.11206555366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06638506054878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.05691102147102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.05205625295639038}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3197/pdf?version=1724939951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9cffd750a6147f88ac831c00547c97d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9cffd750a6147f88ac831c00547c97d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3197 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/17/3197/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3197/pdf?version=1724939951","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1366872747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZX01A25","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317323","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2371697094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3035547593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8886107574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JD2023GJ01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317323","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317323","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401993447.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1154758367","https://openalex.org/W1591120531","https://openalex.org/W1971515366","https://openalex.org/W1984093344","https://openalex.org/W1984514442","https://openalex.org/W2001998288","https://openalex.org/W2034394311","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2097419478","https://openalex.org/W2101259152","https://openalex.org/W2118417501","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2361479269","https://openalex.org/W2469111149","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2598787085","https://openalex.org/W2614836938","https://openalex.org/W2621042270","https://openalex.org/W2757678917","https://openalex.org/W2767953525","https://openalex.org/W2769599585","https://openalex.org/W2769677729","https://openalex.org/W2793923031","https://openalex.org/W2807914609","https://openalex.org/W2889914295","https://openalex.org/W2891782712","https://openalex.org/W2900217217","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912813928","https://openalex.org/W2943472941","https://openalex.org/W2968521248","https://openalex.org/W2973353633","https://openalex.org/W2979497319","https://openalex.org/W3000271845","https://openalex.org/W3001402238","https://openalex.org/W3009518842","https://openalex.org/W3013879714","https://openalex.org/W3036119463","https://openalex.org/W3037944168","https://openalex.org/W3087346639","https://openalex.org/W3088146750","https://openalex.org/W3089681013","https://openalex.org/W3093975114","https://openalex.org/W3108009668","https://openalex.org/W3109770820","https://openalex.org/W3127060672","https://openalex.org/W3138000966","https://openalex.org/W4200035474","https://openalex.org/W4200098166","https://openalex.org/W4220857762","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4281606719","https://openalex.org/W4283758961","https://openalex.org/W4296776311","https://openalex.org/W4304127954","https://openalex.org/W4308440223","https://openalex.org/W4365152888","https://openalex.org/W4387150871","https://openalex.org/W4387205025","https://openalex.org/W6633435507","https://openalex.org/W6658622554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1936713628","https://openalex.org/W2104385848","https://openalex.org/W2188327923","https://openalex.org/W2033059289","https://openalex.org/W1528648040","https://openalex.org/W1572297036","https://openalex.org/W2099451629","https://openalex.org/W204192379","https://openalex.org/W311841262","https://openalex.org/W2125902540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,162,168],"early":[1,47,96,122,217,225,308],"and":[2,17,84,107,113,127,144,149,171,196,208,233,250,256,275,277,300,312,318],"accurate":[3],"mapping":[4,40,91,118,180,269,294,309],"of":[5,57,70,78,82,102,181,266,290,298,310],"winter":[6,32,41,65,92,119,138,183,211,267,292],"canola":[7,33,42,66,93,120,139,212,268,293,311],"is":[8,49],"essential":[9],"in":[10,147,160,270],"predicting":[11],"crop":[12],"yield,":[13],"assessing":[14],"agricultural":[15],"disasters,":[16],"responding":[18],"to":[19,29,53,74,136,156,222,283],"food":[20],"price":[21],"fluctuations.":[22],"Although":[23],"some":[24],"methods":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"proposed":[28],"map":[30,137],"the":[31,35,46,54,58,76,80,95,100,151,179,229,234,245,251,260,264,278,288,296,306],"at":[34,45,94,121],"flowering":[36],"or":[37],"later":[38],"stages,":[39],"planting":[43],"areas":[44],"stage":[48],"still":[50],"challenging,":[51],"due":[52],"insufficient":[55],"understanding":[56],"multi-source":[59],"remote":[60],"sensing":[61],"features":[62,174],"sensitive":[63],"for":[64,90,117,178,316],"mapping.":[67],"objective":[69],"this":[71],"study":[72,286],"was":[73,154],"evaluate":[75],"potential":[77,289],"using":[79,295],"combination":[81,297],"optical":[83],"synthetic":[85],"aperture":[86],"radar":[87],"(SAR)":[88],"data":[89,159],"stage.":[97],"We":[98],"assessed":[99],"contributions":[101],"spectral":[103,173],"features,":[104,109],"backscatter":[105],"coefficients,":[106],"textural":[108],"derived":[110],"from":[111,281],"Sentinel-2":[112,209,299],"Sentinel-1":[114,207,242,301],"SAR":[115],"images,":[116,302],"stages.":[123],"Random":[124],"forest":[125],"(RF)":[126],"support":[128],"vector":[129],"machine":[130],"(SVM)":[131],"classification":[132],"models":[133],"were":[134,165,175],"built":[135],"based":[140,205,258],"on":[141,206,259],"early-stage":[142,182,291],"images":[143],"field":[145],"samples":[146],"2017":[148],"then":[150],"best":[152],"model":[153],"applied":[155],"corresponding":[157],"satellite":[158],"2018\u20132022.":[161],"following":[163],"results":[164],"obtained:":[166],"(1)":[167],"red":[169],"edge":[170],"near-infrared-related":[172],"most":[176],"important":[177],"canola,":[184],"followed":[185],"by":[186,247,253],"VV":[187],"(vertical":[188],"transmission,":[189],"vertical":[190],"reception),":[191],"DVI":[192],"(Difference":[193],"vegetation":[194],"index),":[195],"GOSAVI":[197],"(Green":[198],"Optimized":[199],"Soil":[200],"Adjusted":[201],"Vegetation":[202],"Index);":[203],"(2)":[204],"data,":[210],"could":[213,243,304],"be":[214],"mapped":[215],"as":[216,218],"130":[219],"days":[220],"prior":[221],"ripening":[223],"(i.e.,":[224],"overwinter":[226],"stage),":[227],"with":[228],"F-score":[230,252],"over":[231,238],"0.85":[232],"OA":[235,246],"(Overall":[236],"Accuracy)":[237],"81%;":[239],"(3)":[240],"adding":[241],"improve":[244],"about":[248,254],"2\u20134%":[249],"1\u20132%;":[255],"(4)":[257],"classifier":[261],"transfer":[262],"approach,":[263],"F-scores":[265],"2018\u20132022":[271],"varied":[272],"between":[273],"0.75":[274],"0.97,":[276],"OAs":[279],"ranged":[280],"79%":[282],"86%.":[284],"This":[285],"demonstrates":[287],"which":[303],"enable":[305],"large-scale":[307],"provide":[313],"valuable":[314],"information":[315],"stakeholders":[317],"decision":[319],"makers.":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
