{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401923599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161","title":"SPNet: Dual-Branch Network with Spatial Supplementary Information for Building and Water Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"SPNet: Dual-Branch Network with Spatial Supplementary Information for Building and Water Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401923599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3161/pdf?version=1724744464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3161/pdf?version=1724744464","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100953994","display_name":"Wenyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-7567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045380530","display_name":"Min Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079828880","display_name":"Liguo Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liguo Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048675276","display_name":"Kai Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058852174","display_name":"Haifeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3835-6075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111303606","display_name":"Youke Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing-Dublin International College, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing-Dublin International College, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094402","display_name":"Ziheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights House, Reading RG6 6DH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights House, Reading RG6 6DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045380530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.6135,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90842624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"17","first_page":"3161","last_page":"3161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.626489520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6092633008956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5907342433929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5404961109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49331846833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4524078667163849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4394950270652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21713367104530334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.626489520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6092633008956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5907342433929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5404961109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49331846833229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4524078667163849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4394950270652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21713367104530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3161/pdf?version=1724744464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6b5c30641594a0bb0e7ecd6ca34be6a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6b5c30641594a0bb0e7ecd6ca34be6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 17, p 3161 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/17/3161/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16173161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/17/3161/pdf?version=1724744464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7717822188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401923599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401923599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1993882792","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2499316477","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2592939477","https://openalex.org/W2598666589","https://openalex.org/W2734601688","https://openalex.org/W2761818166","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2803946774","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2893202425","https://openalex.org/W2895340641","https://openalex.org/W2902930830","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2964774028","https://openalex.org/W2993562860","https://openalex.org/W2999972254","https://openalex.org/W3116794818","https://openalex.org/W3134490757","https://openalex.org/W3197715576","https://openalex.org/W3197958969","https://openalex.org/W3198482234","https://openalex.org/W3209745495","https://openalex.org/W3211329537","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4281763314","https://openalex.org/W4285301526","https://openalex.org/W4285307646","https://openalex.org/W4289085709","https://openalex.org/W4290981008","https://openalex.org/W4313023122","https://openalex.org/W4319599426","https://openalex.org/W4376851337","https://openalex.org/W4381252184","https://openalex.org/W4385795827","https://openalex.org/W4387457899","https://openalex.org/W4390272957","https://openalex.org/W4390284997","https://openalex.org/W4391582680","https://openalex.org/W4392543844","https://openalex.org/W4393935112","https://openalex.org/W4394818970","https://openalex.org/W4396721974","https://openalex.org/W4396909893","https://openalex.org/W4396977034","https://openalex.org/W4400725660","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6800563444","https://openalex.org/W6801092314","https://openalex.org/W6839089282","https://openalex.org/W6852413960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2317351040","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2952466936","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W1988622314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0,27],"segmentation":[1,28,66,181],"is":[2,145],"primarily":[3],"employed":[4],"to":[5,23,39,57,74,90,103,115,134,147],"generate":[6],"accurate":[7],"prediction":[8],"labels":[9],"for":[10,44],"each":[11],"pixel":[12],"of":[13,29,159,183,192],"the":[14,20,24,92,111,125,157,180,184,198,201,207,210,217],"input":[15],"image,":[16],"and":[17,31,60,76,106,172],"then":[18],"classify":[19],"images":[21,36],"according":[22],"generated":[25],"labels.":[26],"building":[30,171,199],"water":[32,173,208],"in":[33,54,130,187,220],"remote":[34,68],"sensing":[35,69],"helps":[37,129],"us":[38],"conduct":[40],"reasonable":[41],"land":[42],"planning":[43],"a":[45,82,97,139],"city.":[46],"However,":[47],"many":[48],"current":[49],"mature":[50,195],"networks":[51],"face":[52],"challenges":[53],"simultaneously":[55],"attending":[56],"both":[58],"contextual":[59,105,117],"spatial":[61,107,121],"information":[62,119,162],"when":[63],"performing":[64],"semantic":[65,118,161,165],"on":[67,170,206],"imagery.":[70],"This":[71,154],"often":[72],"leads":[73],"misclassifications":[75],"omissions.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"this":[79,188,221],"paper":[80,189,222],"proposes":[81],"Dual-Branch":[83],"Network":[84],"with":[85,120,163],"Spatial":[86,99],"Supplementary":[87],"Information":[88],"(SPNet)":[89],"address":[91],"aforementioned":[93],"issues.":[94],"We":[95],"introduce":[96],"Context-aware":[98],"Feature-Extractor":[100],"Unit":[101],"(CSF)":[102],"extract":[104,148],"information,":[108],"followed":[109],"by":[110],"Feature-Interaction":[112],"Module":[113,143],"(FIM)":[114],"supplement":[116],"details.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"incorporating":[124],"Goal-Oriented":[126],"Attention":[127],"Mechanism":[128],"handling":[131],"noise.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"obtain":[135],"more":[136],"detailed":[137],"branches,":[138],"Multichannel":[140],"Deep":[141],"Feature-Extraction":[142],"(MFM)":[144],"introduced":[146,219],"features":[149],"from":[150],"shallow-level":[151],"network":[152],"layers.":[153],"branch":[155],"guides":[156],"fusion":[158],"low-level":[160],"high-level":[164],"information.":[166],"Experiments":[167],"were":[168],"conducted":[169],"datasets,":[174],"respectively.":[175],"The":[176],"results":[177],"indicate":[178],"that":[179,191,216],"accuracy":[182],"model":[185,218],"proposed":[186],"surpasses":[190],"other":[193],"existing":[194],"models.":[196],"On":[197],"dataset,":[200,209],"mIoU":[202,211],"reaches":[203],"87.57,":[204],"while":[205],"achieves":[212],"96.8,":[213],"which":[214],"means":[215],"demonstrates":[223],"strong":[224],"generalization":[225],"capabilities.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}