{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401411645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162905","title":"Morphological Characteristics and Development Rate of Gullies in Three Main Agro-Geomorphological Regions of Northeast China","display_name":"Morphological Characteristics and Development Rate of Gullies in Three Main Agro-Geomorphological Regions of Northeast China","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401411645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2905/pdf?version=1723445311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2905/pdf?version=1723445311","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348315","display_name":"Zhengyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-2299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011514083","display_name":"Mingchang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4918-1097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingchang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075584581","display_name":"Mingming Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055348839","display_name":"Xingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-8348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102250593","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-9060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005525335","display_name":"Zhuoxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101301","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011514083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0134,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84241224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"16","first_page":"2905","last_page":"2905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7419759035110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5264167189598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4115152359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.31709617376327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.12669417262077332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7419759035110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5264167189598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4115152359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31709617376327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.12669417262077332}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2905/pdf?version=1723445311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96fba61bdc31490ea03ed5dffe67864c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96fba61bdc31490ea03ed5dffe67864c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 16, p 2905 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162905","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2905/pdf?version=1723445311","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4244699205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA28010200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8238024488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023QNXZ03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335922","funder_display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335922","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401411645.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444262212","https://openalex.org/W1709494502","https://openalex.org/W1848662756","https://openalex.org/W1964174642","https://openalex.org/W1965811734","https://openalex.org/W1966904633","https://openalex.org/W1973714598","https://openalex.org/W1976801716","https://openalex.org/W1977092012","https://openalex.org/W1977598881","https://openalex.org/W1978110877","https://openalex.org/W1981252524","https://openalex.org/W1982068729","https://openalex.org/W1984630665","https://openalex.org/W1987348567","https://openalex.org/W1988481773","https://openalex.org/W1995952323","https://openalex.org/W1998432757","https://openalex.org/W2003972315","https://openalex.org/W2005875020","https://openalex.org/W2006654056","https://openalex.org/W2011665430","https://openalex.org/W2012118818","https://openalex.org/W2014642711","https://openalex.org/W2015611473","https://openalex.org/W2021071009","https://openalex.org/W2023440688","https://openalex.org/W2029552233","https://openalex.org/W2032237232","https://openalex.org/W2036628781","https://openalex.org/W2042230543","https://openalex.org/W2045230031","https://openalex.org/W2054130874","https://openalex.org/W2055358730","https://openalex.org/W2057236832","https://openalex.org/W2064098831","https://openalex.org/W2070442241","https://openalex.org/W2076514581","https://openalex.org/W2082996384","https://openalex.org/W2090164058","https://openalex.org/W2097889969","https://openalex.org/W2103347420","https://openalex.org/W2110985329","https://openalex.org/W2112475315","https://openalex.org/W2126547801","https://openalex.org/W2131944859","https://openalex.org/W2171577916","https://openalex.org/W2251365809","https://openalex.org/W2252824635","https://openalex.org/W2273862374","https://openalex.org/W2328889790","https://openalex.org/W2420009864","https://openalex.org/W2485193819","https://openalex.org/W2537920932","https://openalex.org/W2548849268","https://openalex.org/W2568410305","https://openalex.org/W2754429515","https://openalex.org/W2778844111","https://openalex.org/W2885746326","https://openalex.org/W2916682290","https://openalex.org/W2945131225","https://openalex.org/W2950851751","https://openalex.org/W2955497633","https://openalex.org/W2971884534","https://openalex.org/W2972981085","https://openalex.org/W2974224379","https://openalex.org/W3043164345","https://openalex.org/W3049485358","https://openalex.org/W3153309355","https://openalex.org/W3165796134","https://openalex.org/W3172885010","https://openalex.org/W3178713673","https://openalex.org/W3184163586","https://openalex.org/W4210380872","https://openalex.org/W4220693473","https://openalex.org/W4226193221","https://openalex.org/W4283066393","https://openalex.org/W4286007776","https://openalex.org/W4287148494","https://openalex.org/W4306157922","https://openalex.org/W4313427648","https://openalex.org/W4317470142","https://openalex.org/W4327709889","https://openalex.org/W4367301340","https://openalex.org/W4382359050","https://openalex.org/W4385582638","https://openalex.org/W4385723994","https://openalex.org/W4389618825","https://openalex.org/W4390205047","https://openalex.org/W4392436380","https://openalex.org/W4396881293","https://openalex.org/W4399242201","https://openalex.org/W4400642346","https://openalex.org/W6840068888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2350270224","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2354620178","https://openalex.org/W600967366","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W2383989146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gully":[0],"erosion":[1,230,356,364],"poses":[2],"a":[3,28,181,324,359],"significant":[4,257],"global":[5,354],"concern":[6],"due":[7,201],"to":[8,127,202],"its":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,19,45,170,234,241,259,274,369],"land":[12,98,198,285],"degradation":[13],"and":[14,38,63,73,97,107,123,141,151,163,177,187,191,194,224,239,288,321,325,337,351,366],"soil":[15,313],"erosion,":[16,204],"particularly":[17],"pronounced":[18],"Northeast":[20,370],"China\u2019s":[21],"diverse":[22],"agro-geomorphic":[23,56],"regions.":[24],"However,":[25,253],"there":[26,254],"is":[27],"lack":[29],"of":[30,42,68,111,118,158,184,196,327,335,353],"comprehensive":[31],"studies":[32],"on":[33],"gully":[34,43,124,133,144,167,182,203,210,260,275,298,355,363],"characteristics,":[35],"development":[36,276],"rates,":[37],"the":[39,119,129,171,197,208,267,279,322,331,349],"topographic":[40,130,289,292],"threshold":[41,131,293],"formation":[44,134,299],"these":[46,334],"areas.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this":[50],"gap,":[51],"we":[52,88],"selected":[53,114],"three":[54,172,268,280],"different":[55],"watersheds,":[57],"named":[58],"HL":[59,220,235,301,336],"(Hailun),":[60],"ML":[61,225,247,328],"(Muling),":[62],"YKS":[64,206,242,311,338],"(Yakeshi),":[65],"with":[66,155,180,246],"areas":[67,173,269],"30.88":[69],"km2,":[70,72,75],"31.53":[71],"21.98":[74],"respectively.":[76,205],"Utilizing":[77],"high-resolution":[78],"(2.1":[79],"m,":[80,148,150,153,160,162],"2":[81],"m)":[82],"remote":[83],"sensing":[84],"imagery":[85],"(ZY-3,":[86],"GF-1),":[87],"analyzed":[89],"morphological":[90],"parameters":[91,323],"(length,":[92],"width,":[93],"area,":[94],"perimeter,":[95],"etc.)":[96],"use":[99],"changes":[100],"for":[101,115,132,297,362],"all":[102],"permanent":[103],"gullies":[104,112],"between":[105,333],"2013":[106],"2023.":[108],"Approximately":[109],"30%":[110],"were":[113,146,174,232,282],"detailed":[116],"study":[117,346],"upstream":[120],"drainage":[121,303],"area":[122,304],"head":[125,211],"slopes":[126],"establish":[128],"(S":[135,294],"=":[136,295,306,309,316,319,340,343],"a\u00b7A\u2212b).":[137],"In":[138],"HL,":[139],"ML,":[140],"YKS,":[142],"average":[143],"lengths":[145],"526.22":[147],"208.64":[149],"614.20":[152],"respectively,":[154,179],"corresponding":[156],"widths":[157],"13.28":[159],"8.45":[161],"9.32":[164],"m.":[165],"The":[166,291],"number":[168],"densities":[169],"3.14,":[175],"25.18,":[176],"0.82/km2,":[178],"density":[183],"1.65,":[185],"5.25,":[186],"0.50":[188],"km":[189],"km\u22122,":[190],"3%,":[192],"5%,":[193],"1%":[195],"has":[199,347],"disappeared":[200],"exhibited":[207],"highest":[209,233],"retreat":[212],"rate":[213,262],"at":[214,249],"17.50":[215],"m":[216,222,227,264],"yr\u22121,":[217],"significantly":[218],"surpassing":[219],"(12.24":[221],"yr\u22121)":[223,238,265],"(7.11":[226],"yr\u22121).":[228],"Areal":[229],"rates":[231],"(277.79":[236],"m2":[237,244,251],"lowest":[240],"(105.22":[243],"yr\u22121),":[245],"intermediate":[248],"243.36":[250],"yr\u22121.":[252],"was":[255],"no":[256],"difference":[258],"expansion":[261],"(0.37\u20130.42":[263],"among":[266,278],"(p":[270],"&gt;":[271],"0.05).":[272],"Differences":[273],"dynamics":[277],"regions":[281],"influenced":[283],"by":[284],"use,":[286],"slope,":[287],"factors.":[290],"a\u00b7A\u2212b)":[296],"varied:":[300],"emphasized":[302],"(a":[305,315,339],"0.052,":[307],"b":[308,318,326,342],"0.52),":[310],"highlighted":[312],"resistance":[314],"0.12,":[317],"0.36),":[320],"fell":[329],"within":[330],"range":[332],"0.044,":[341],"0.27).":[344],"This":[345],"enriched":[348],"scope":[350],"database":[352],"research,":[357],"providing":[358],"scientific":[360],"basis":[361],"prevention":[365],"control":[367],"planning":[368],"China.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
