{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401419659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162897","title":"BresNet: Applying Residual Learning in Backpropagation Neural Networks to Predict Ground Surface Concentration of Primary Air Pollutants","display_name":"BresNet: Applying Residual Learning in Backpropagation Neural Networks to Predict Ground Surface Concentration of Primary Air Pollutants","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401419659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2897/pdf?version=1723104861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2897/pdf?version=1723104861","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023484139","display_name":"Zekai Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5532-3763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zekai Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437775","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774500","display_name":"Mei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Investigation and Ecological Assessment Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","Investigation and Ecological Assessment Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710054, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Investigation and Ecological Assessment Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Investigation and Ecological Assessment Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046323331","display_name":"Yaowei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaowei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036428154","display_name":"Guodong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026664459","display_name":"Haoyuan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyuan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100437775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63795122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"16","first_page":"2897","last_page":"2897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12916","display_name":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollutant","display_name":"Pollutant","score":0.7609608173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7238321304321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6454755067825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6343477964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6207287311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollutants","display_name":"Air pollutants","score":0.4795362949371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4536629319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4391224682331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"Air pollution","score":0.40902599692344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39091241359710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39070942997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3767794370651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33893561363220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19216275215148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13192522525787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07200184464454651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82685317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510","display_name":"Pollutant","level":2,"score":0.7609608173370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7238321304321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6454755067825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6343477964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6207287311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987853052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollutants","level":3,"score":0.4795362949371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4536629319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4391224682331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.40902599692344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39091241359710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39070942997932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3767794370651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33893561363220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19216275215148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13192522525787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07200184464454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2897/pdf?version=1723104861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70dedbc477b84b47a35c7006330807ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70dedbc477b84b47a35c7006330807ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 16, p 2897 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16162897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/16/2897/pdf?version=1723104861","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5132465372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3709500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401419659.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967025894","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108162680","https://openalex.org/W2128049102","https://openalex.org/W2144694446","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2619986051","https://openalex.org/W2766635578","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2921474046","https://openalex.org/W2934984619","https://openalex.org/W2981608286","https://openalex.org/W2993134750","https://openalex.org/W3000358529","https://openalex.org/W3013896494","https://openalex.org/W3136179920","https://openalex.org/W3201753403","https://openalex.org/W4212874253","https://openalex.org/W4281695746","https://openalex.org/W4296025732","https://openalex.org/W4308949526","https://openalex.org/W4319228130","https://openalex.org/W4380373674","https://openalex.org/W4382402971","https://openalex.org/W4392198167","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169359190","https://openalex.org/W2392427421","https://openalex.org/W2717992184","https://openalex.org/W2141097079","https://openalex.org/W2944809113","https://openalex.org/W2391255140","https://openalex.org/W2156878610","https://openalex.org/W142713682","https://openalex.org/W4286275426","https://openalex.org/W2388169538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"air":[1,17,61,104,175],"pollution":[2],"is":[3],"important":[4],"for":[5,171],"human":[6],"health":[7],"and":[8,49,111,139,165,186],"the":[9,14,32,37,65,70,92,97,101,115,123,133,146,149,152,172,179,183,190,197,207],"environment.":[10],"Previous":[11],"studies":[12],"on":[13,114],"prediction":[15,67],"of":[16,34,69,100,118,122,159,169,189,196],"pollutants":[18,45],"from":[19],"satellite":[20,116],"images":[21],"have":[22,40,52],"employed":[23,144],"machine":[24,127],"learning,":[25],"yet":[26],"there":[27],"are":[28],"few":[29],"enhancements":[30],"to":[31,94,178,194],"constructure":[33],"model.":[35,181],"Moreover,":[36,182],"existing":[38,71],"models":[39,129],"been":[41,54,83],"successful":[42],"in":[43,57,85,167],"predicting":[44,58],"like":[46],"PM2.5,":[47,106],"PM10,":[48,107],"O3.":[50],"They":[51],"not":[53],"as":[55,80,145],"effective":[56],"other":[59],"primary":[60,103,174],"pollutants.":[62],"To":[63],"improve":[64],"overall":[66],"performance":[68],"model,":[72,78],"a":[73],"novel":[74],"residual":[75],"learning":[76,128],"backpropagation":[77,135],"abs.":[79],"BresNet,":[81],"has":[82,90],"proposed":[84,153],"this":[86],"research.":[87],"This":[88],"model":[89,155,192],"revealed":[91],"availability":[93],"precisely":[95],"predict":[96],"ground-surface":[98],"concentration":[99],"six":[102,173],"pollutants,":[105,176],"O3,":[108],"NO2,":[109],"CO,":[110],"SO2,":[112],"based":[113],"imagery":[117],"MODIS":[119],"AOD.":[120],"Two":[121],"most":[124],"commonly":[125],"used":[126],"so":[130],"far,":[131],"viz.":[132],"multilayer":[134],"neural":[136],"network":[137],"(MLBPN)":[138],"random":[140],"forest":[141],"(RF),":[142],"were":[143],"control.":[147],"In":[148],"conducted":[150],"experiments,":[151],"BresNet":[154,191],"demonstrated":[156],"significant":[157],"improvements":[158],"18.75%/31.94%,":[160],"33.82%/85.71%,":[161],"15.00%/35.29%,":[162],"39.06%/134.21%,":[163],"23.23%/68.00%,":[164],"137.14%/260.87%":[166],"terms":[168],"R2":[170],"compared":[177,193],"RF/MLBPN":[180],"convergence":[184,204],"speed":[185,205],"loss":[187,209],"function":[188],"that":[195],"MLBPN":[198],"decreased":[199],"by":[200],"55.15%,":[201],"revealing":[202],"superior":[203],"with":[206],"lower":[208],"function.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}