{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400952556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152701","title":"A Prediction Model of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Based on Grid-Optimized Support Vector Regression","display_name":"A Prediction Model of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Based on Grid-Optimized Support Vector Regression","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400952556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/15/2701/pdf?version=1721810240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/15/2701/pdf?version=1721810240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068846388","display_name":"Yu Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105017805","display_name":"Xiaobin Men","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Men","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002847404","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-8946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Institute for Ocean Technology, Tianjin University, Qingdao 266200, China","School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Ocean Information Awareness and Transmission, Qingdao 266200, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Institute for Ocean Technology, Tianjin University, Qingdao 266200, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Ocean Information Awareness and Transmission, Qingdao 266200, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002847404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74064536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"15","first_page":"2701","last_page":"2701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9021999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.6982325911521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6165580153465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.4752982556819916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4262089431285858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.23118919134140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15907293558120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13597646355628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.13405227661132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06763437390327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.6982325911521912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6165580153465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4752982556819916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4262089431285858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.23118919134140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15907293558120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13597646355628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.13405227661132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06763437390327454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/15/2701/pdf?version=1721810240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee314458a1ff45dfb3261a50f48addd0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee314458a1ff45dfb3261a50f48addd0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 15, p 2701 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16152701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/15/2701/pdf?version=1721810240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400952556.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400952556.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179213921","https://openalex.org/W1569426412","https://openalex.org/W1575861620","https://openalex.org/W1587976434","https://openalex.org/W2013560923","https://openalex.org/W2018351962","https://openalex.org/W2055138070","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2089480831","https://openalex.org/W2102771844","https://openalex.org/W2106119568","https://openalex.org/W2473870024","https://openalex.org/W2908021568","https://openalex.org/W2919605053","https://openalex.org/W3008925613","https://openalex.org/W3036373684","https://openalex.org/W3043353072","https://openalex.org/W3145491624","https://openalex.org/W4212956447","https://openalex.org/W4238084594","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4280576658","https://openalex.org/W4281250151","https://openalex.org/W4285733926","https://openalex.org/W4297545588","https://openalex.org/W4308441248","https://openalex.org/W4308594722","https://openalex.org/W4379793481","https://openalex.org/W4380992116","https://openalex.org/W4387737019","https://openalex.org/W4400033519","https://openalex.org/W6809327233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989070650","https://openalex.org/W2550010074","https://openalex.org/W2995463382","https://openalex.org/W2038143119","https://openalex.org/W4387332347","https://openalex.org/W3187839235","https://openalex.org/W1992137669","https://openalex.org/W2593433015","https://openalex.org/W2986635077","https://openalex.org/W1517716858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluating":[0],"and":[1,12,36,73,80,91,94,123,149,168,182,195,212],"mitigating":[2],"the":[3,7,20,28,33,38,42,68,77,83,97,101,105,113,117,137,142,161,164,173,186,203,207,213],"adverse":[4],"effects":[5],"of":[6,41,136,144,163],"ionosphere":[8],"on":[9,54,129],"communication,":[10],"navigation,":[11],"other":[13,228],"services,":[14],"as":[15,17,108,159],"well":[16],"fully":[18],"utilizing":[19],"ionosphere,":[21],"have":[22],"become":[23],"increasingly":[24],"prominent":[25],"topics":[26],"in":[27],"academic":[29],"community.":[30],"To":[31],"quantify":[32],"dynamical":[34],"changes":[35],"improve":[37],"prediction":[39,51,126,210],"accuracy":[40,215],"ionospheric":[43,229],"Total":[44],"Electron":[45],"Content":[46],"(TEC),":[47],"we":[48,111],"propose":[49],"a":[50,124,223],"model":[52,99,115,122,127,205],"based":[53,128],"grid-optimized":[55],"Support":[56],"Vector":[57],"Regression":[58],"(SVR).":[59],"This":[60,219],"modeling":[61],"processes":[62],"include":[63],"three":[64],"steps:":[65],"(1)":[66],"dividing":[67],"dataset":[69],"for":[70,216,226],"training,":[71],"validation,":[72],"testing;":[74],"(2)":[75],"determining":[76],"hyperparameters":[78],"C":[79],"g":[81],"by":[82],"grid":[84],"search":[85],"method":[86,220],"through":[87],"cross-validation":[88],"using":[89,100,141],"training":[90],"validation":[92],"data;":[93],"(3)":[95],"testing":[96],"trained":[98],"test":[102],"data.":[103],"Taking":[104],"Gakona":[106],"station":[107],"an":[109],"example,":[110],"compared":[112,171],"proposed":[114],"with":[116],"International":[118],"Reference":[119],"Ionosphere":[120],"(IRI)":[121],"TEC":[125],"Statistical":[130],"Machine":[131],"Learning":[132],"(SML).":[133],"The":[134,155],"performance":[135],"models":[138,170],"was":[139],"evaluated":[140],"metrics":[143],"mean":[145,151],"absolute":[146],"error":[147,153,211],"(MAE)":[148],"root":[150],"square":[152],"(RMSE).":[154],"specific":[156],"results":[157,200],"are":[158,175,188],"follows:":[160],"MAE":[162],"CCIR,":[165],"URSI,":[166],"SML,":[167],"SVR":[169,204],"to":[172],"observations":[174],"1.06":[176],"TECU,":[177,179,181,184,190,192,194,197],"1.41":[178],"0.7":[180],"0.54":[183],"respectively;":[185],"RMSE":[187],"1.36":[189],"1.62":[191],"0.92":[193],"0.68":[196],"respectively.":[198],"These":[199],"indicate":[201],"that":[202],"has":[206],"most":[208],"minor":[209],"highest":[214],"predicting":[217,227],"TEC.":[218],"also":[221],"provides":[222],"new":[224],"approach":[225],"parameters.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
