{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400879920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142647","title":"Spatial\u2013Temporal Joint Design and Optimization of Phase-Coded Waveform for MIMO Radar","display_name":"Spatial\u2013Temporal Joint Design and Optimization of Phase-Coded Waveform for MIMO Radar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400879920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142647","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2647/pdf?version=1721711159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2647/pdf?version=1721711159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101724819","display_name":"Wei Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-6121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102877357","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-8300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406276","display_name":"Zengping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-0651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004517379","display_name":"Xiaolong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-1655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 246000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 246000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082682012","display_name":"Qiang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2783-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102877357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.7746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91870136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"14","first_page":"2647","last_page":"2647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7715644240379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7085726857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6709010004997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6083914041519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4961260259151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.46747350692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.43699273467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4338805079460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21815329790115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19422730803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.174245685338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.0830250084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7715644240379333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7085726857185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6709010004997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6083914041519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4961260259151459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.46747350692749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.43699273467063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4338805079460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21815329790115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19422730803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.174245685338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0830250084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142647","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2647/pdf?version=1721711159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0c87d9c889e482abcbb1cc9bcbdf2f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0c87d9c889e482abcbb1cc9bcbdf2f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 14, p 2647 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142647","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2647/pdf?version=1721711159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1187777844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172704911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4180661197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4457172056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2133216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600802705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZT08X751","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4731272710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6969408792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20190929172704911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8827115530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2133216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335795","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400879920.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971423282","https://openalex.org/W1986056180","https://openalex.org/W1997782455","https://openalex.org/W2000317822","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2033550848","https://openalex.org/W2041463139","https://openalex.org/W2073445499","https://openalex.org/W2079800918","https://openalex.org/W2082508232","https://openalex.org/W2097767885","https://openalex.org/W2104015338","https://openalex.org/W2104179838","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2125399902","https://openalex.org/W2149324728","https://openalex.org/W2152293874","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2159607540","https://openalex.org/W2246376725","https://openalex.org/W2261154172","https://openalex.org/W2404122704","https://openalex.org/W2494798456","https://openalex.org/W2581934225","https://openalex.org/W2586410079","https://openalex.org/W2587157661","https://openalex.org/W2708665101","https://openalex.org/W2763682449","https://openalex.org/W2809430501","https://openalex.org/W2891102846","https://openalex.org/W2903805593","https://openalex.org/W3003135299","https://openalex.org/W3102540572","https://openalex.org/W3117352252","https://openalex.org/W3134264060","https://openalex.org/W3159719031","https://openalex.org/W3216322024","https://openalex.org/W4252895244","https://openalex.org/W4313367402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974402878","https://openalex.org/W2756132392","https://openalex.org/W4285101096","https://openalex.org/W4382725876","https://openalex.org/W2084892497","https://openalex.org/W2115614142","https://openalex.org/W4320477335","https://openalex.org/W1561889708","https://openalex.org/W2275184629","https://openalex.org/W4400379223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"simultaneously":[1,184],"transmitting":[2,44],"multiple":[3],"different":[4],"waveform":[5,45,133,175],"signals,":[6],"a":[7,24,43,55],"multiple-input":[8],"multiple-output":[9],"(MIMO)":[10],"radar":[11,57],"possesses":[12],"higher":[13],"degrees":[14],"of":[15,31,78,87,110],"freedom":[16],"and":[17,99,107,135,172,177],"potential":[18],"in":[19,84,185],"many":[20],"aspects":[21],"compared":[22],"to":[23,36],"traditional":[25],"phased-array":[26],"radar.":[27],"The":[28,161],"spatial\u2013temporal":[29,50,181],"characteristics":[30,120],"waveforms":[32,61],"are":[33,62,103],"the":[34,74,79,85,90,96,108,111,116,132,137,142,153],"key":[35],"determining":[37],"their":[38],"performance.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"design":[46],"method":[47,102,166],"based":[48],"on":[49],"joint":[51],"(STJ)":[52],"optimization":[53,129,147],"for":[54,66,72,105,118,169],"MIMO":[56,174],"is":[58,93,113,149,156,167],"proposed,":[59],"where":[60,95],"designed":[63],"not":[64],"only":[65],"beam-pattern":[67],"matching":[68],"(BPM)":[69],"but":[70],"also":[71],"minimizing":[73],"autocorrelation":[75],"sidelobes":[76],"(ACSLs)":[77],"spatial":[80],"synthesis":[81],"signals":[82],"(SSSs)":[83],"directions":[86],"interest.":[88],"Firstly,":[89],"STJ":[91],"model":[92],"established,":[94],"two-step":[97],"strategy":[98],"least":[100],"squares":[101],"utilized":[104],"BPM,":[106],"L2p-Norm":[109],"ACSL":[112],"constructed":[114],"as":[115],"criterion":[117],"temporal":[119],"optimization.":[121],"Secondly,":[122],"by":[123],"transforming":[124],"it":[125],"into":[126],"an":[127],"unconstrained":[128],"problem":[130,148],"about":[131],"phase":[134],"using":[136],"gradient":[138],"descent":[139],"(GD)":[140],"algorithm,":[141],"hard,":[143],"non-convex,":[144],"high-dimensional,":[145],"nonlinear":[146],"solved":[150],"efficiently.":[151],"Finally,":[152],"method\u2019s":[154],"effectiveness":[155],"verified":[157],"through":[158],"numerical":[159],"simulation.":[160],"results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"our":[165],"suitable":[168],"both":[170],"orthogonal":[171],"partial-correlation":[173],"designs":[176],"efficiently":[178],"achieves":[179],"better":[180],"characteristic":[182],"performances":[183],"comparison":[186],"with":[187],"existing":[188],"methods.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2024-07-23T00:00:00"}
