{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400801435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142627","title":"Semantic Space Analysis for Zero-Shot Learning on SAR Images","display_name":"Semantic Space Analysis for Zero-Shot Learning on SAR Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400801435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2627/pdf?version=1721294397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2627/pdf?version=1721294397","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377956","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006213286","display_name":"Jiping Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097573","display_name":"China Light Industry Press (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wp2vz04","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097573"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiping Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet and Big Data, China National Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet and Big Data, China National Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097573"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077369376","display_name":"Hui Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113890641","display_name":"Qiulei Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiulei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109151740","display_name":"Zhanyi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-4498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanyi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077369376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08938547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"14","first_page":"2627","last_page":"2627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7672615051269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.6001729965209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5312100648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4974105656147003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4908321499824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48188287019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4642895460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-space","display_name":"Semantic space","score":0.45804542303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43445849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-feature","display_name":"Semantic feature","score":0.42670905590057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3417326807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12458956241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09582996368408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.06546878814697266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7672615051269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6001729965209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5312100648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4974105656147003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4908321499824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48188287019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4642895460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986420190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39045939","display_name":"Semantic space","level":2,"score":0.45804542303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43445849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.42670905590057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3417326807975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12458956241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09582996368408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06546878814697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2627/pdf?version=1721294397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ec7ac19b1f541d0ab99939234432651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ec7ac19b1f541d0ab99939234432651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 14, p 2627 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16142627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/14/2627/pdf?version=1721294397","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400801435.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2767966434","https://openalex.org/W2888465587","https://openalex.org/W2900734375","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2971884209","https://openalex.org/W3088491794","https://openalex.org/W3134794785","https://openalex.org/W3169512507","https://openalex.org/W3175761677","https://openalex.org/W3198771897","https://openalex.org/W4312883726","https://openalex.org/W4328007697","https://openalex.org/W4385196562","https://openalex.org/W4388430744","https://openalex.org/W4390826350","https://openalex.org/W4391594017","https://openalex.org/W4391970567","https://openalex.org/W4393032642","https://openalex.org/W4393201486","https://openalex.org/W4394572371","https://openalex.org/W4394877128","https://openalex.org/W4396604605","https://openalex.org/W4396769481","https://openalex.org/W6678470764","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6783678730","https://openalex.org/W6791425984","https://openalex.org/W6796451364","https://openalex.org/W6855108489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364155688","https://openalex.org/W2128807628","https://openalex.org/W2046522763","https://openalex.org/W2366916257","https://openalex.org/W2375847997","https://openalex.org/W2072836406","https://openalex.org/W2391772185","https://openalex.org/W2061641547","https://openalex.org/W2119708974","https://openalex.org/W1577418480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"feature":[1,59,90],"space":[2,41,110,128],"plays":[3],"a":[4,47],"bridging":[5],"role":[6],"from":[7,30],"\u2018seen":[8],"classes\u2019":[9,12],"to":[10,19,36],"\u2018unseen":[11],"in":[13,88],"zero-shot":[14],"learning":[15],"(ZSL).":[16],"However,":[17],"due":[18],"the":[20,99,108,119,124],"nature":[21],"of":[22,32,101,126],"SAR":[23,43,102],"distance-based":[24],"imaging,":[25,34],"which":[26],"is":[27,45,116],"drastically":[28],"different":[29,57],"that":[31,107,123],"optical":[33,67,71],"how":[35],"construct":[37],"an":[38],"appropriate":[39],"semantic":[40,58,89,109,127],"for":[42,98],"ZSL":[44],"still":[46],"tricky":[48],"and":[49,69,84,122,141],"less":[50],"well-addressed":[51],"issue.":[52],"In":[53,92],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"three":[56,77,94],"spaces,":[60],"constructed":[61,111],"using":[62,112],"natural":[63],"language,":[64],"remote":[65,113],"sensing":[66,114],"images,":[68,72],"web":[70],"respectively,":[73],"are":[74,86,96],"explored.":[75],"Furthermore,":[76],"factors,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"model":[80,137],"capacity,":[81,138],"dataset":[82,139],"scale,":[83,140],"pre-training,":[85],"investigated":[87],"learning.":[91],"addition,":[93],"datasets":[95],"introduced":[97],"evaluation":[100],"ZSL.":[103],"Experimental":[104],"results":[105],"show":[106],"images":[115],"better":[117],"than":[118],"other":[120],"two":[121],"quality":[125],"can":[129],"be":[130],"affected":[131],"significantly":[132],"by":[133],"factors":[134],"such":[135],"as":[136],"pre-training":[142],"schemes.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}