{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400417453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132494","title":"Impact of Plasma Bubbles on OTHR Shortwave Propagation in Different Backgrounds","display_name":"Impact of Plasma Bubbles on OTHR Shortwave Propagation in Different Backgrounds","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400417453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2494/pdf?version=1720435587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2494/pdf?version=1720435587","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008800966","display_name":"Xin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027503275","display_name":"Peng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-7139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039184932","display_name":"Yang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8437-3565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ding Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Engineering School, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Engineering School, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076580550","display_name":"Mengjie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-6830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007831629","display_name":"Hengyi Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengyi Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039184932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63911327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"13","first_page":"2494","last_page":"2494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.8106947541236877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.48144644498825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40513795614242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2517010271549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14386433362960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.07798141241073608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.8106947541236877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.48144644498825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40513795614242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2517010271549225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14386433362960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.07798141241073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2494/pdf?version=1720435587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ffe809a2bc5e45a8b090e684951672a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ffe809a2bc5e45a8b090e684951672a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 13, p 2494 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2494/pdf?version=1720435587","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1426318481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2454142265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51501132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3125283234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202208440223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121150017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12273094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5563514377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12273093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6754642447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1227309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8086042339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011323","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8589651859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400417453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400417453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1642626589","https://openalex.org/W1805247019","https://openalex.org/W1862017823","https://openalex.org/W1991378411","https://openalex.org/W2036650267","https://openalex.org/W2038596775","https://openalex.org/W2055068784","https://openalex.org/W2067179397","https://openalex.org/W2082651272","https://openalex.org/W2365778006","https://openalex.org/W2545953136","https://openalex.org/W3006384896","https://openalex.org/W3013460067","https://openalex.org/W3034450134","https://openalex.org/W3102540830","https://openalex.org/W3115557679","https://openalex.org/W3122006981","https://openalex.org/W4288058393","https://openalex.org/W4316810818","https://openalex.org/W4319786640","https://openalex.org/W4392593662","https://openalex.org/W7057470452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349538307","https://openalex.org/W2382483190","https://openalex.org/W4292630545","https://openalex.org/W2378696196","https://openalex.org/W2350182181","https://openalex.org/W2369674097","https://openalex.org/W2011673781","https://openalex.org/W2771809610","https://openalex.org/W2607451837","https://openalex.org/W2736927595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plasma":[0,62],"bubbles":[1],"represent":[2],"notable":[3],"ionospheric":[4],"irregularities":[5],"primarily":[6],"observed":[7],"in":[8,49,86,155,165,175,191],"low":[9],"latitudes,":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,45,168],"plasma":[13,40],"depletions":[14],"exhibiting":[15],"large":[16],"spatial":[17],"scales,":[18],"which":[19,42],"can":[20],"make":[21],"a":[22,36,83],"significant":[23,84,190],"impact":[24,58,182],"on":[25,64,185],"the":[26,50,57,65,87,94,114,124,150,158,162,173,181,192],"propagation":[27,88],"of":[28,39,59,68,90,100,117,132,143,152,183],"OTHR":[29,69,91,135,186],"(over-the-horizon":[30],"radar)":[31],"waves.":[32,92],"Firstly,":[33],"we":[34,55],"constructed":[35],"three-dimensional":[37],"model":[38],"bubbles,":[41],"is":[43,82,120,127,161,188],"modulated":[44],"Gaussian":[46],"function":[47],"distribution":[48],"horizontal":[51],"direction,":[52],"and":[53,123,172],"then":[54,170],"analyzed":[56],"EPBs":[60,76,139,184],"(Equatorial":[61],"Bubbles)":[63],"ray":[66],"path":[67,89],"shortwaves.":[70],"When":[71],"radio":[72,102,118,147],"waves":[73,103,119,148],"propagate":[74],"through":[75,138],"with":[77,96,110],"different":[78,133,141,156,178],"RMS":[79,98,112],"\u0394N/N,":[80],"there":[81],"difference":[85],"For":[93,177],"EPB":[95],"an":[97],"\u0394N/N":[99],"75%,":[101],"exhibit":[104,140],"more":[105,121,189],"pronounced":[106,164],"refraction":[107],"than":[108],"those":[109],"lower":[111],"values,":[113],"focusing":[115,125,154,159],"effect":[116,151,160],"obvious,":[122],"point":[126],"relatively":[128],"lower.":[129],"In":[130,145],"terms":[131],"seasons,":[134],"shortwaves":[136,187],"propagating":[137],"degrees":[142],"refraction.":[144],"addition,":[146],"show":[149],"inward":[153],"seasons:":[157],"most":[163],"spring,":[166],"followed":[167],"autumn,":[169],"summer,":[171],"weakest":[174],"winter.":[176],"solar":[179],"activities,":[180],"high-solar-activity":[193],"year.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}