{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400420188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481","title":"Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff in the Upper Reach of Jialing River, China","display_name":"Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff in the Upper Reach of Jialing River, China","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400420188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104665988","display_name":"Wei-Zhao Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140031","display_name":"Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/0543q7s13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006264773","display_name":"Yi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5562-4190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140031","display_name":"Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/0543q7s13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China","College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi\u2019an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071894832","display_name":"Yiting Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-4172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006264773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460","https://openalex.org/I4210140031"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79046932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"13","first_page":"2481","last_page":"2481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13203","display_name":"Environmental Changes in China","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6908754706382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6345171928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.5862843990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-runoff","display_name":"Surface runoff","score":0.5449028611183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.4295184016227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21387943625450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17130690813064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.15445995330810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.0932944118976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.053202033042907715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6908754706382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6345171928405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5862843990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.5449028611183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4295184016227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21387943625450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17130690813064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.15445995330810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0932944118976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.053202033042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb8a3b32a2b040499a050e1242558397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb8a3b32a2b040499a050e1242558397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 13, p 2481 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3263519059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42341102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6293124266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017FY100904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526327218","https://openalex.org/W1587146230","https://openalex.org/W1976095361","https://openalex.org/W1983724666","https://openalex.org/W1991998586","https://openalex.org/W2003814557","https://openalex.org/W2059066272","https://openalex.org/W2074197685","https://openalex.org/W2252197927","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2325963232","https://openalex.org/W2508310479","https://openalex.org/W2564105318","https://openalex.org/W2796034401","https://openalex.org/W2804523998","https://openalex.org/W3013473194","https://openalex.org/W3108466341","https://openalex.org/W3110189912","https://openalex.org/W3162898672","https://openalex.org/W3175703381","https://openalex.org/W3178181381","https://openalex.org/W4200445082","https://openalex.org/W4205156720","https://openalex.org/W4210662330","https://openalex.org/W4223592950","https://openalex.org/W4225134151","https://openalex.org/W4225900903","https://openalex.org/W4292018240","https://openalex.org/W4307183635","https://openalex.org/W4310758002","https://openalex.org/W4313215306","https://openalex.org/W4317726614","https://openalex.org/W4319345775","https://openalex.org/W4320728946","https://openalex.org/W4322503678","https://openalex.org/W4378083307","https://openalex.org/W4378650883","https://openalex.org/W4379740683","https://openalex.org/W4380995514","https://openalex.org/W4388864214","https://openalex.org/W4388944930","https://openalex.org/W4393034188","https://openalex.org/W4394783290","https://openalex.org/W6638726040","https://openalex.org/W6678568454","https://openalex.org/W6750132206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792447872","https://openalex.org/W2054461511","https://openalex.org/W3110408977","https://openalex.org/W2371790036","https://openalex.org/W2416413398","https://openalex.org/W2258050176","https://openalex.org/W2567223719","https://openalex.org/W2521758442","https://openalex.org/W2392839383","https://openalex.org/W2588972388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,14,27,35,39,51,73,81,100,120,166,191,196,213,217,246,260,271,281,307,320,324,328],"runoff":[4,60,65,112,132,161,187,226,263,286,317],"of":[5,17,38,53,199,310,323,330],"numerous":[6],"rivers":[7],"has":[8,126],"experienced":[9],"substantial":[10],"changes":[11],"owing":[12],"to":[13,47,69,92,109,184,186,190,234,243],"dual":[15],"influences":[16],"climate":[18,57,284,314],"change":[19,58,158,172,249,315],"and":[20,49,56,71,75,87,106,171,193,204,295,313,338],"human":[21,54,180,200,311],"activities.":[22],"This":[23,62],"study":[24,63,124,167],"focuses":[25],"on":[26,59,316],"Lixian":[28],"hydrological":[29],"station\u2019s":[30],"controlled":[31],"basin,":[32],"located":[33],"in":[34,42,131,160,163,216,219,238,293,302,319,334],"upper":[36,321],"reaches":[37,322],"Jialing":[40,325],"River":[41],"China.":[43],"The":[44,117,123,175],"objective":[45],"is":[46,273],"assess":[48,93],"quantify":[50],"impacts":[52],"activities":[55,181,201,208,223,312],"variations.":[61],"analyzed":[64],"variations":[66,318],"from":[67,241],"1960":[68],"2016":[70],"employed":[72],"Soil":[74],"Water":[76],"Assessment":[77],"Tool":[78],"(SWAT)":[79],"model,":[80,86],"long":[82],"short-term":[83],"memory":[84],"(LSTM)":[85],"eight":[88],"Budyko":[89,176],"framework":[90],"formulations":[91],"factors":[94,333],"influencing":[95],"runoff.":[96,220],"Additionally,":[97],"it":[98],"used":[99],"patch-generating":[101],"land":[102,228,251,255],"use":[103,256],"simulation":[104],"(PLUS)":[105],"SWAT":[107,192],"models":[108],"simulate":[110],"future":[111,283],"scenarios":[113,257],"under":[114,265,275],"various":[115],"conditions.":[116],"results":[118,177],"indicate":[119],"following.":[121],"(1)":[122],"area":[125],"witnessed":[127],"a":[128,140,149,235,266,290,299],"significant":[129,141,248,308],"decline":[130,218],"(p":[133,144,153],"<":[134,145],"0.01),":[135],"while":[136,270],"potential":[137],"evapotranspiration":[138],"shows":[139],"upward":[142],"trend":[143,152],"0.01).":[146],"Precipitation":[147],"displays":[148],"nonsignificant":[150],"decreasing":[151],">":[154],"0.1).":[155],"An":[156],"abrupt":[157],"point":[159],"occurred":[162],"1994,":[164],"dividing":[165],"period":[168],"into":[169],"baseline":[170],"periods.":[173],"(2)":[174],"reveal":[178],"that":[179,259],"contributed":[182],"50%":[183],"60%":[185],"changes.":[188,230],"According":[189],"LSTM":[194],"models,":[195],"contribution":[197],"rates":[198],"are":[202,209],"63.21%":[203],"52.22%,":[205],"respectively.":[206],"Human":[207,222],"thus":[210],"identified":[211],"as":[212],"predominant":[214],"factor":[215],"(3)":[221],"primarily":[224],"influence":[225],"through":[227],"cover":[229],"Conservation":[231],"measures":[232],"led":[233],"notable":[236],"increase":[237,292],"forested":[239],"areas":[240],"1990":[242],"2010,":[244],"representing":[245],"most":[247],"among":[250],"types.":[252],"(4)":[253],"Future":[254],"suggest":[258],"highest":[261],"simulated":[262],"occurs":[264],"comprehensive":[267],"development":[268],"scenario,":[269],"lowest":[272],"observed":[274],"an":[276],"ecological":[277],"conservation":[278],"scenario.":[279],"Among":[280],"32":[282],"scenarios,":[285],"increases":[287],"significantly":[288],"with":[289,298],"10%":[291],"precipitation":[294],"decreases":[296],"substantially":[297],"15%":[300],"reduction":[301],"precipitation.":[303],"These":[304],"findings":[305],"underscore":[306],"impact":[309],"River,":[326],"highlighting":[327],"importance":[329],"incorporating":[331],"both":[332],"water":[335],"resource":[336],"management":[337],"planning.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}