{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400093196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340","title":"Simulation of Spectral Albedo and Bidirectional Reflectance over Snow-Covered Urban Canyon: Model Development and Factor Analysis","display_name":"Simulation of Spectral Albedo and Bidirectional Reflectance over Snow-Covered Urban Canyon: Model Development and Factor Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400093196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2340/pdf?version=1719456745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2340/pdf?version=1719456745","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103251136","display_name":"Qixiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-6216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi-Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006532556","display_name":"Ziyi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-8663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi-Yi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101402512","display_name":"Chunlin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Lin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067343382","display_name":"Shikui Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-2320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Kui Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066207578","display_name":"Kaifeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-7829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Feng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103251136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47508482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"13","first_page":"2340","last_page":"2340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7983407974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7216248512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.654997706413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","score":0.581530749797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48261675238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowmelt","display_name":"Snowmelt","score":0.4429294466972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave-radiation","display_name":"Shortwave radiation","score":0.43737804889678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4334462583065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3784759044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.35280823707580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20456713438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.19033968448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13740310072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11216321587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07360184192657471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7983407974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7216248512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.654997706413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.581530749797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48261675238609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64649846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754697","display_name":"Snowmelt","level":3,"score":0.4429294466972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19369268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502259","display_name":"Shortwave radiation","level":3,"score":0.43737804889678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4334462583065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3784759044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.35280823707580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20456713438034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.19033968448638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13740310072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11216321587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07360184192657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2340/pdf?version=1719456745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3fa25a6a2944126909c1368eae990e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3fa25a6a2944126909c1368eae990e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 13, p 2340 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/13/2340/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132340","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2340/pdf?version=1719456745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4294109520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M720943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400093196.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604469022","https://openalex.org/W1675021660","https://openalex.org/W1977738593","https://openalex.org/W1991015493","https://openalex.org/W1996627432","https://openalex.org/W2005009158","https://openalex.org/W2011707853","https://openalex.org/W2025131643","https://openalex.org/W2030510551","https://openalex.org/W2030907307","https://openalex.org/W2039052550","https://openalex.org/W2103977502","https://openalex.org/W2112920277","https://openalex.org/W2113724293","https://openalex.org/W2116956387","https://openalex.org/W2120482674","https://openalex.org/W2121025662","https://openalex.org/W2138408852","https://openalex.org/W2148179735","https://openalex.org/W2162899308","https://openalex.org/W2244457783","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2512442015","https://openalex.org/W2606412288","https://openalex.org/W2611015684","https://openalex.org/W2727453429","https://openalex.org/W2766320673","https://openalex.org/W2789523864","https://openalex.org/W2789574213","https://openalex.org/W2793118522","https://openalex.org/W2802166229","https://openalex.org/W2804481203","https://openalex.org/W2890733297","https://openalex.org/W2895862534","https://openalex.org/W2896475741","https://openalex.org/W2905511257","https://openalex.org/W2913346815","https://openalex.org/W2921487222","https://openalex.org/W2935778381","https://openalex.org/W2970368314","https://openalex.org/W3007907561","https://openalex.org/W3048944811","https://openalex.org/W3080660434","https://openalex.org/W3129066907","https://openalex.org/W3164008833","https://openalex.org/W3175494661","https://openalex.org/W3189698532","https://openalex.org/W4206014486","https://openalex.org/W4221052824","https://openalex.org/W4225091487","https://openalex.org/W4281723317","https://openalex.org/W4295350358","https://openalex.org/W4385372183","https://openalex.org/W4391011582","https://openalex.org/W4391730774","https://openalex.org/W6649571420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322504842","https://openalex.org/W2889218385","https://openalex.org/W2014945865","https://openalex.org/W2773828241","https://openalex.org/W2078839879","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W2092700723","https://openalex.org/W3191660857","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,109],"critical":[1],"comprehension":[2],"of":[3,6,18,112,191,201,209],"the":[4,35,79,90,106,129,151,176,199],"impact":[5,141],"snow":[7,42,59,74,124,147,180,212],"cover":[8],"on":[9,154],"urban":[10,24,56,120,193],"bidirectional":[11,52,116,158],"reflectance":[12,44,107,117,159,195],"is":[13,168],"pivotal":[14],"for":[15,55,86],"precise":[16],"assessments":[17],"energy":[19],"budgets,":[20],"radiative":[21],"forcing,":[22],"and":[23,40,51,58,66,72,89,136,143,197,206,211],"climate":[25],"change.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"develops":[29],"a":[30,41,188],"numerical":[31],"model":[32,45],"that":[33],"employs":[34],"Monte":[36],"Carlo":[37],"ray-tracing":[38],"technique":[39],"anisotropic":[43],"(ART)":[46],"to":[47,127,187],"simulate":[48],"spectral":[49],"albedo":[50],"reflectance,":[53,145],"accounting":[54],"structure":[57],"anisotropy.":[60],"Validation":[61],"using":[62],"three":[63],"flat":[64,87],"surfaces":[65],"MODIS":[67],"data":[68],"(snow-free,":[69],"fresh":[70],"snow,":[71],"melting":[73],"scenarios)":[75],"revealed":[76],"minimal":[77],"errors:":[78],"maximum":[80],"domain-averaged":[81],"BRDF":[82],"bias":[83],"was":[84,94],"0.01%":[85],"surfaces,":[88],"overall":[91],"model-MODIS":[92],"deviation":[93],"less":[95],"than":[96,170],"0.05.":[97],"The":[98,157],"model\u2019s":[99],"performance":[100],"confirmed":[101],"its":[102],"accuracy":[103],"in":[104,118,175],"reproducing":[105],"spectrum.":[108],"thorough":[110],"investigation":[111],"key":[113],"factors":[114],"affecting":[115],"snow-covered":[119,192],"canyons":[121],"ensued,":[122],"with":[123],"coverage":[125],"found":[126],"be":[128],"dominant":[130],"influence.":[131],"Urban":[132],"coverage,":[133],"building":[134],"height,":[135],"soot":[137],"pollutant":[138],"concentration":[139],"significantly":[140],"visible":[142],"infrared":[144],"while":[146],"grain":[148,181],"size":[149,182],"has":[150],"greatest":[152],"effect":[153],"shortwave":[155],"infrared.":[156],"at":[160,165],"backward":[161],"scattering":[162,172],"angles":[163],"(0.5\u20130.6)":[164],"645":[166],"nm":[167],"lower":[169],"forward":[171],"(around":[173],"0.8)":[174],"principal":[177],"plane":[178],"as":[179],"increases.":[183],"These":[184],"findings":[185],"contribute":[186],"deeper":[189],"understanding":[190],"canyons\u2019":[194],"characteristics":[196],"facilitate":[198],"quantification":[200],"radiation":[202],"interactions,":[203],"cloud-snow":[204],"discrimination,":[205],"satellite-based":[207],"retrieval":[208],"aerosol":[210],"parameters.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
