{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399888109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132267","title":"Semi-Supervised FMCW Radar Hand Gesture Recognition via Pseudo-Label Consistency Learning","display_name":"Semi-Supervised FMCW Radar Hand Gesture Recognition via Pseudo-Label Consistency Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399888109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132267","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2267/pdf?version=1718962436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2267/pdf?version=1718962436","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102880452","display_name":"Yuhang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022114825","display_name":"Lihong Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0138-2728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Big Data Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 401135, China","Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Big Data Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 401135, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049969247","display_name":"Yucheng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-9571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103162735","display_name":"Baobin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-9976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baobin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218891","display_name":"Bin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-5911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058194445","display_name":"Weisheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-8245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785348","display_name":"Xinbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022114825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77617675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"13","first_page":"2267","last_page":"2267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9089000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.647702693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5634710788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4809105396270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4722691774368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4329044222831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3956334590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34123682975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18282169103622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09968289732933044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.647702693939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5634710788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4809105396270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4722691774368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4329044222831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3956334590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34123682975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18282169103622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09968289732933044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132267","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2267/pdf?version=1718962436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb502a94f0ec4aab8057f132e715bca5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb502a94f0ec4aab8057f132e715bca5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 13, p 2267 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16132267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132267","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/13/2267/pdf?version=1718962436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399888109.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582660696","https://openalex.org/W1943054406","https://openalex.org/W2120701504","https://openalex.org/W2168392347","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2535933534","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2559674721","https://openalex.org/W2592691248","https://openalex.org/W2625039678","https://openalex.org/W2789648429","https://openalex.org/W2946020594","https://openalex.org/W2954377489","https://openalex.org/W2974623198","https://openalex.org/W2999165370","https://openalex.org/W3046575259","https://openalex.org/W3046952127","https://openalex.org/W3106589709","https://openalex.org/W3127000115","https://openalex.org/W3152825447","https://openalex.org/W3156042058","https://openalex.org/W3195117396","https://openalex.org/W3208912836","https://openalex.org/W4225682624","https://openalex.org/W4226246654","https://openalex.org/W4280559321","https://openalex.org/W4285259512","https://openalex.org/W4306398630","https://openalex.org/W4312701680","https://openalex.org/W4312962997","https://openalex.org/W4317936159","https://openalex.org/W4319663728","https://openalex.org/W4322576549","https://openalex.org/W4366286166","https://openalex.org/W4377235611","https://openalex.org/W4387415161","https://openalex.org/W4387872567","https://openalex.org/W4390938914","https://openalex.org/W6803315456","https://openalex.org/W6853184512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603736412","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W4304185162","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2061685118","https://openalex.org/W3006282800","https://openalex.org/W2462100143","https://openalex.org/W1770503332","https://openalex.org/W3125207769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hand":[0],"gesture":[1,162],"recognition":[2],"is":[3,89],"pivotal":[4],"in":[5,63],"facilitating":[6],"human\u2013machine":[7],"interaction":[8],"within":[9],"the":[10,97,103,111,114,135,139,175],"Internet":[11],"of":[12,113,177],"Things.":[13],"Nevertheless,":[14],"it":[15,166],"encounters":[16],"challenges,":[17],"including":[18],"labeling":[19],"expenses":[20],"and":[21,52,116,127,164],"robustness.":[22,137],"To":[23],"tackle":[24],"these":[25],"issues,":[26],"we":[27,79,119],"propose":[28],"a":[29,40,44,50,60,64,81],"semi-supervised":[30,155],"learning":[31,56],"framework":[32,38],"guided":[33,54],"by":[34],"pseudo-label":[35,82],"consistency.":[36],"This":[37],"utilizes":[39],"dual-branch":[41],"structure":[42],"with":[43,167],"mean-teacher":[45],"network.":[46],"Within":[47],"this":[48],"setup,":[49],"global":[51],"locally":[53],"self-supervised":[55],"encoder":[57],"acts":[58],"as":[59],"feature":[61,76],"extractor":[62],"teacher\u2013student":[65],"network":[66],"to":[67,74,91,102,148],"efficiently":[68],"extract":[69],"features,":[70],"maximizing":[71],"data":[72],"utilization":[73],"enhance":[75],"representation.":[77],"Additionally,":[78],"introduce":[80],"Consistency-Guided":[83],"Mean-Teacher":[84],"model,":[85],"where":[86],"simulated":[87],"noise":[88],"incorporated":[90],"generate":[92],"newly":[93],"unlabeled":[94],"samples":[95],"for":[96],"teacher":[98,115,140],"model":[99,141],"before":[100],"advancing":[101],"subsequent":[104],"stage.":[105],"By":[106],"enforcing":[107],"consistency":[108],"constraints":[109],"between":[110],"outputs":[112],"student":[117],"models,":[118],"alleviate":[120],"accuracy":[121,182],"degradation":[122],"resulting":[123],"from":[124,129],"individual":[125],"differences":[126],"interference":[128],"other":[130],"body":[131],"parts,":[132],"thereby":[133],"bolstering":[134],"network\u2019s":[136],"Ultimately,":[138],"undergoes":[142],"refinement":[143],"through":[144],"exponential":[145],"moving":[146],"averages":[147],"achieve":[149],"stable":[150],"weights.":[151],"We":[152],"evaluate":[153],"our":[154,178],"method":[156],"on":[157],"two":[158],"publicly":[159],"available":[160],"hand":[161],"datasets":[163],"compare":[165],"several":[168],"state-of-the-art":[169],"fully-supervised":[170],"algorithms.":[171],"The":[172],"results":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"robustness":[176],"method,":[179],"achieving":[180],"an":[181],"rate":[183],"exceeding":[184],"99%":[185],"across":[186],"both":[187],"datasets.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
