{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399575173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122123","title":"A Target Localization Algorithm for a Single-Frequency Doppler Radar Based on an Improved Subtractive Average Optimizer","display_name":"A Target Localization Algorithm for a Single-Frequency Doppler Radar Based on an Improved Subtractive Average Optimizer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399575173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122123","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2123/pdf?version=1718182270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2123/pdf?version=1718182270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038622110","display_name":"Yaxuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6850-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006872013","display_name":"Yipeng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8646-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha 410004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006872013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68131435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"2123","last_page":"2123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6522293090820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.6162986755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5843223333358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-frequency","display_name":"Doppler frequency","score":0.5642968416213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.4553814232349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4319225251674652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19882282614707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10757490992546082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122310400009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6522293090820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.6162986755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5843223333358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988629262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler frequency","level":3,"score":0.5642968416213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.4553814232349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4319225251674652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19882282614707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10757490992546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122123","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2123/pdf?version=1718182270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd061ed43379417fab3dcb1f41b3484e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd061ed43379417fab3dcb1f41b3484e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 2123 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16122123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122123","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/12/2123/pdf?version=1718182270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399575173.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981305390","https://openalex.org/W2014923951","https://openalex.org/W2064713387","https://openalex.org/W2110070138","https://openalex.org/W2112778272","https://openalex.org/W2137502890","https://openalex.org/W2138174097","https://openalex.org/W2139741288","https://openalex.org/W2154285650","https://openalex.org/W2169713154","https://openalex.org/W2196313793","https://openalex.org/W2289378562","https://openalex.org/W2516222099","https://openalex.org/W2543938190","https://openalex.org/W2790195121","https://openalex.org/W2919557392","https://openalex.org/W2989845906","https://openalex.org/W2993976228","https://openalex.org/W3197360026","https://openalex.org/W3200820186","https://openalex.org/W3208057472","https://openalex.org/W4312725825","https://openalex.org/W4312939894","https://openalex.org/W4362665748","https://openalex.org/W4390938914","https://openalex.org/W6684727646","https://openalex.org/W6696110032","https://openalex.org/W6860078286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983700505","https://openalex.org/W2358793249","https://openalex.org/W2381293607","https://openalex.org/W2539669194","https://openalex.org/W2126060576","https://openalex.org/W2359526864","https://openalex.org/W2354031205","https://openalex.org/W2982588318","https://openalex.org/W2011910404","https://openalex.org/W2024117748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"doppler":[1],"radar":[2,16,50],"holds":[3],"promising":[4],"prospects":[5],"in":[6,53,80],"the":[7,67,72,76,81,86,92,97,110,115,123],"field":[8],"of":[9,34],"indoor":[10],"target":[11,43,61,73,93,116],"localization.":[12],"However,":[13],"traditional":[14],"Doppler":[15,49,77],"systems":[17],"suffer":[18],"from":[19],"high":[20],"power":[21],"consumption,":[22],"large":[23],"size,":[24],"and":[25,75,113],"noticeable":[26],"radio":[27],"frequency":[28],"interference":[29],"issues":[30],"when":[31],"transmitting":[32],"carriers":[33],"different":[35],"frequencies.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"an":[38,101],"ISABO-based":[39],"(improved":[40],"subtraction-average-based":[41,103],"optimizer)":[42],"localization":[44,62,129],"algorithm":[45,105],"for":[46,60],"a":[47,57,132],"single-frequency":[48,82],"is":[51,63,89,106],"proposed":[52,107,124],"this":[54],"paper.":[55],"Firstly,":[56],"mathematical":[58],"model":[59],"established":[64],"according":[65],"to":[66,108],"spatial":[68],"geometric":[69],"relationships":[70],"during":[71],"movement":[74],"frequency-shift":[78],"information":[79],"echo":[83],"signal.":[84],"Then,":[85],"optimization":[87,98],"function":[88],"constructed":[90],"with":[91,131],"motion":[94],"error":[95],"as":[96],"goal.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"improved":[102],"optimizer":[104],"solve":[109],"optimal":[111],"parameters":[112],"realize":[114],"positioning.":[117],"The":[118],"experimental":[119],"results":[120],"show":[121],"that":[122],"method":[125],"can":[126],"achieve":[127],"centimeter-level":[128],"accuracy":[130],"cost-effective":[133],"system":[134],"structure.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}