{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399389535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037","title":"Contactless X-Band Detection of Steel Bars in Cement: A Preliminary Numerical and Experimental Analysis","display_name":"Contactless X-Band Detection of Steel Bars in Cement: A Preliminary Numerical and Experimental Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399389535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2037/pdf?version=1717669999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2037/pdf?version=1717669999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001218627","display_name":"Adriana Brancaccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126337","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":null,"country_code":"IT","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126337"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Brancaccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","Engineering Department, University of Campania \"L. Vanvitelli\", Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Campania \"L. Vanvitelli\", Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084216316","display_name":"Simone Palladino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-4491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126337","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":null,"country_code":"IT","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Palladino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","Engineering Department, University of Campania \"L. Vanvitelli\", Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Campania \"L. Vanvitelli\", Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084216316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005","https://openalex.org/I4210126337"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55411819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"2037","last_page":"2037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6407897472381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.5286850333213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.38975611329078674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6407897472381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.5286850333213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.38975611329078674}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2037/pdf?version=1717669999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ea4329cd1a743e588d0ee2ba39a7119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ea4329cd1a743e588d0ee2ba39a7119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 2037 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/11/2037/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16112037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2037/pdf?version=1717669999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399389535.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974284696","https://openalex.org/W2045251026","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2800538892","https://openalex.org/W2888389613","https://openalex.org/W2921895299","https://openalex.org/W2969694663","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W3170444879","https://openalex.org/W4226032705","https://openalex.org/W4294631204","https://openalex.org/W4295957499","https://openalex.org/W4308799554","https://openalex.org/W4309187529","https://openalex.org/W4310009893","https://openalex.org/W4313215301","https://openalex.org/W4321375581","https://openalex.org/W4380998143","https://openalex.org/W4384929768","https://openalex.org/W4386840285","https://openalex.org/W4387340990","https://openalex.org/W4389753519","https://openalex.org/W4389914916","https://openalex.org/W4389941213","https://openalex.org/W4390095090","https://openalex.org/W4390277841","https://openalex.org/W4393040963","https://openalex.org/W4395464134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4396520874","https://openalex.org/W4390401159","https://openalex.org/W2744391499","https://openalex.org/W4230250635","https://openalex.org/W3041790586","https://openalex.org/W2018879842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,24],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"preliminary":[3],"experimental":[4],"results":[5],"for":[6,11,70,81,85],"advancing":[7],"non-destructive":[8],"testing":[9],"methods":[10],"detecting":[12],"steel":[13],"bars":[14,36],"in":[15,20],"cement":[16],"via":[17],"contactless":[18],"investigations":[19],"the":[21,27,54,59,71,90,132],"X-band":[22],"spectrum.":[23],"study":[25],"reveals":[26],"field\u2019s":[28],"penetration":[29],"into":[30,34],"cement,":[31],"extracting":[32],"insights":[33],"embedded":[35],"through":[37],"scattered":[38],"data.":[39],"Applying":[40],"a":[41,66],"quasi-quadratic":[42],"inverse":[43],"scattering":[44],"technique":[45],"to":[46,103,111],"numerically":[47],"simulated":[48],"data":[49],"yields":[50],"promising":[51],"results,":[52],"confirming":[53],"effectiveness":[55],"and":[56,76,88,94,100,125,150],"reliability":[57],"of":[58,73,134],"proposed":[60],"approach.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,135],"realm,":[64],"using":[65],"higher":[67],"frequency":[68],"allows":[69],"use":[72],"lighter":[74],"equipment":[75],"smaller":[77],"antennas.":[78],"Identified":[79],"areas":[80],"improvement":[82],"include":[83],"accounting":[84],"antenna":[86],"behavior":[87],"establishing":[89],"undeformed":[91],"target":[92],"morphology":[93],"precise":[95],"orientation.":[96],"Transitioning":[97],"from":[98],"powder-based":[99],"sand":[101],"specimens":[102],"real,":[104],"solid,":[105],"reinforced":[106],"concrete":[107,118],"structures":[108],"is":[109,127],"expected":[110],"alleviate":[112],"laboratory":[113],"challenges.":[114],"Although":[115],"accurately":[116],"determining":[117],"properties":[119],"such":[120],"as":[121],"its":[122],"relative":[123],"permittivity":[124],"conductivity":[126],"essential,":[128],"it":[129],"remains":[130],"beyond":[131],"scope":[133],"study.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"overcoming":[138],"these":[139],"challenges":[140],"could":[141],"significantly":[142],"enhance":[143],"non-invasive":[144],"testing,":[145],"improving":[146],"structural":[147],"health":[148],"monitoring":[149],"disaster":[151],"prevention.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}