{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399290250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010","title":"Mapping Topsoil Carbon Storage Dynamics of Croplands Based on Temporal Mosaicking Images of Landsat and Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Mapping Topsoil Carbon Storage Dynamics of Croplands Based on Temporal Mosaicking Images of Landsat and Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399290250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2010/pdf?version=1717408484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2010/pdf?version=1717408484","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459416","display_name":"Xiaoyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101023246","display_name":"Huiqing Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074399257","display_name":"Zihan Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027562522","display_name":"Lina Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-4414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993326","display_name":"Dongyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-1145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004651484","display_name":"Mingchang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-858X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingchang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100459416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79691225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"2010","last_page":"2010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6933772563934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsoil","display_name":"Topsoil","score":0.5124045014381409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44636839628219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2762908637523651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.2201361060142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.08477199077606201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6933772563934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20529654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247456","display_name":"Topsoil","level":3,"score":0.5124045014381409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44636839628219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2762908637523651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2201361060142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.08477199077606201}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2010/pdf?version=1717408484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c70cf1222069457b9c76533c7ee2ccc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c70cf1222069457b9c76533c7ee2ccc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 2010 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/11/2010/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16112010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16112010","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/2010/pdf?version=1717408484","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888327543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3257022191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFD1500104-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4743325233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFD1500104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6610687239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6903794393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFD1500104-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399290250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399290250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1471436312","https://openalex.org/W1974211373","https://openalex.org/W1989094997","https://openalex.org/W2008681133","https://openalex.org/W2029429198","https://openalex.org/W2047624819","https://openalex.org/W2070286911","https://openalex.org/W2084939244","https://openalex.org/W2140409693","https://openalex.org/W2150074682","https://openalex.org/W2170149118","https://openalex.org/W2171387677","https://openalex.org/W2313339984","https://openalex.org/W2322799392","https://openalex.org/W2606208618","https://openalex.org/W2612804409","https://openalex.org/W2768913388","https://openalex.org/W2774152043","https://openalex.org/W2792422161","https://openalex.org/W2802689858","https://openalex.org/W2806880725","https://openalex.org/W2920825860","https://openalex.org/W2967245950","https://openalex.org/W2990670028","https://openalex.org/W3007646969","https://openalex.org/W3011467359","https://openalex.org/W3015744398","https://openalex.org/W3087811416","https://openalex.org/W3103286503","https://openalex.org/W3105740442","https://openalex.org/W3112784233","https://openalex.org/W3127166311","https://openalex.org/W3136828967","https://openalex.org/W3211651883","https://openalex.org/W3217012577","https://openalex.org/W4211208956","https://openalex.org/W4232087696","https://openalex.org/W4294884784","https://openalex.org/W4310029376","https://openalex.org/W4310065366","https://openalex.org/W4318618390","https://openalex.org/W4323922691","https://openalex.org/W4386950945","https://openalex.org/W6682140679","https://openalex.org/W6787055280","https://openalex.org/W6849172776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357133576","https://openalex.org/W2016209990","https://openalex.org/W4384523843","https://openalex.org/W2350228812","https://openalex.org/W568858832","https://openalex.org/W2060677783","https://openalex.org/W1976604333","https://openalex.org/W2379486634","https://openalex.org/W1881348922","https://openalex.org/W4292429924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"changes":[1],"of":[2,10,29,31,49,60,71,101,126,134,137,154,161,174,213,220,231,239,279],"soil":[3,45,51,93,215],"organic":[4],"carbon":[5,265,269],"(SOC)":[6],"in":[7,20,66,75,113,150,222,263],"top":[8],"layers":[9],"croplands":[11,32,61,114,138,162,175],"and":[12,52,77,79,99,145,172,181,218,228,241,260,268,276],"their":[13,195],"driving":[14],"factors":[15,187,243],"is":[16,36],"a":[17],"vital":[18],"prerequisite":[19],"decision-making":[21],"for":[22],"maintaining":[23],"sustainable":[24,277],"agriculture.":[25],"However,":[26],"high-precision":[27],"estimation":[28],"SOC":[30,58,102,111,135,155,164,177,192,200,224],"at":[33],"regional":[34],"scale":[35],"still":[37],"an":[38,123],"issue":[39],"to":[40,107,118,142,191,199,205,251,273],"be":[41],"solved.":[42],"Based":[43],"on":[44],"samples,":[46],"synthetic":[47],"image":[48],"bare":[50,92,214],"geographical":[53],"data,":[54],"this":[55],"paper":[56],"predicted":[57],"density":[59,103,136,165,178,201,225],"using":[62],"Random":[63],"Forest":[64],"model":[65,89],"the":[67,97,109,208,223,229,274],"Black":[68],"Soil":[69],"Region":[70],"Jilin":[72],"Province,":[73],"China":[74],"2005":[76,106,250],"2020,":[78,108],"analyzed":[80],"its":[81],"influencing":[82],"factors.":[83],"Results":[84],"showed":[85],"that":[86,90],"random":[87],"forest":[88],"integrates":[91],"composite":[94],"images":[95,212],"improve":[96],"accuracy":[98],"robustness":[100],"prediction.":[104],"From":[105],"total":[110],"storage":[112],"decreased":[115,139,170,202],"from":[116,140,203,249],"89.96":[117],"82.79":[119],"Tg":[120,128],"C":[121,129],"with":[122,163,176],"annual":[124],"decrease":[125],"0.48":[127],"yr\u22121.":[130],"The":[131,237],"mean":[132],"value":[133],"3.42":[141],"3.32":[143],"kg/m2,":[144],"high":[146],"values":[147],"are":[148],"distributed":[149],"middle":[151],"parts.":[152],"Changes":[153],"represented":[156],"significant":[157],"heterogeneity":[158],"spatially.":[159],"62.14%":[160],"greater":[166],"than":[167],"4.0":[168],"kg/m2":[169,183],"significantly,":[171],"38.60%":[173],"between":[179],"2.5":[180],"3.0":[182],"significantly":[184,248],"increased.":[185],"Climatic":[186],"made":[188],"great":[189],"contributions":[190],"density,":[193],"however,":[194],"relative":[196],"importance":[197],"(RI)":[198],"44.65%":[204],"37.26%":[206],"during":[207],"study":[209,254],"period.":[210],"Synthetic":[211],"constituted":[216],"23.54%":[217],"26.29%":[219],"RI":[221],"prediction,":[226],"respectively,":[227],"contribution":[230],"each":[232],"band":[233],"was":[234],"quite":[235],"different.":[236],"RIs":[238],"topographic":[240],"vegetation":[242],"were":[244],"low":[245],"but":[246],"increased":[247],"2020.":[252],"This":[253],"can":[255],"aid":[256],"local":[257],"land":[258],"managers":[259],"governmental":[261],"agencies":[262],"assessing":[264],"sequestration":[266],"potential":[267],"credits,":[270],"thus":[271],"contributing":[272],"protection":[275],"use":[278],"black":[280],"soils.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}