{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399172924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975","title":"Classification of Crop Area Using PALSAR, Sentinel-1, and Planet Data for the NISAR Mission","display_name":"Classification of Crop Area Using PALSAR, Sentinel-1, and Planet Data for the NISAR Mission","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399172924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1975/pdf?version=1717078374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1975/pdf?version=1717078374","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025077641","display_name":"Giovanni Anconitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5781-8274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Anconitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102751060","display_name":"Seung-Bum Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Bum Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083976805","display_name":"Bruce Chapman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101284308","display_name":"Jessica Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050229976","display_name":"Paul Siqueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Siqueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057481404","display_name":"Nazzareno Pierdicca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-5377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazzareno Pierdicca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025077641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.0365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93438459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1975","last_page":"1975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7725604772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6745455861091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5882239937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.5879361629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planet","display_name":"Planet","score":0.5798988342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5342176556587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.46008989214897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.45232659578323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4230683445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4154904782772064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2587009072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22782665491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.14845037460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0854921042919159}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7725604772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6745455861091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5882239937782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.5879361629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.5798988342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5342176556587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.46008989214897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.45232659578323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4230683445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4154904782772064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2587009072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22782665491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.14845037460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0854921042919159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1975/pdf?version=1717078374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d54ceaa440541edb8df3b39a44c5aba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d54ceaa440541edb8df3b39a44c5aba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1975 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1713959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1713959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/11/1975/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111975","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1975/pdf?version=1717078374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7418077884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018F0591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399172924.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008085934","https://openalex.org/W2152575748","https://openalex.org/W2162480849","https://openalex.org/W2343415133","https://openalex.org/W2615031214","https://openalex.org/W2789988884","https://openalex.org/W2790566932","https://openalex.org/W2884526666","https://openalex.org/W2900217217","https://openalex.org/W2996984840","https://openalex.org/W3047450819","https://openalex.org/W3081967079","https://openalex.org/W3110517849","https://openalex.org/W3125947825","https://openalex.org/W3128344449","https://openalex.org/W3159760929","https://openalex.org/W3194555964","https://openalex.org/W3198531147","https://openalex.org/W4212921346","https://openalex.org/W4281901079","https://openalex.org/W4286493286","https://openalex.org/W4384561121","https://openalex.org/W4387813112","https://openalex.org/W6748822179","https://openalex.org/W6749181838","https://openalex.org/W6799703408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W3023446922","https://openalex.org/W4324030030","https://openalex.org/W1980260791","https://openalex.org/W4385533602","https://openalex.org/W3189212133","https://openalex.org/W4382239404","https://openalex.org/W2053086167","https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2152662390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"algorithm":[1,207],"for":[2,17,212],"classifying":[3],"crop":[4,28,180,228],"areas":[5],"using":[6],"multi-frequency":[7],"Synthetic":[8],"Aperture":[9],"Radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"and":[12,25,36,75,108,179,223],"optical":[13,59],"data":[14,196],"is":[15,101,128,134,197,218],"evaluated":[16],"the":[18,45,52,63,84,93,97,138,147,151,170,175,184,187,194,205,214],"upcoming":[19],"NASA":[20],"ISRO":[21],"SAR":[22,185],"(NISAR)":[23],"mission":[24],"its":[26],"active":[27],"area":[29],"products.":[30],"Two":[31],"time-series":[32],"of":[33,70,78,112,177],"L-band":[34,105],"ALOS-2":[35],"C-band":[37,156],"Sentinel-1A":[38],"images":[39,119],"over":[40],"an":[41,202],"agricultural":[42],"region":[43],"in":[44,164],"Southern":[46],"United":[47],"States":[48],"are":[49,81],"used":[50],"as":[51,54,56,201,209,233],"input,":[53],"well":[55],"high-resolution":[57],"Planet":[58,86,195],"data.":[60],"To":[61],"overcome":[62],"delay":[64],"by":[65],"at":[66],"least":[67],"one":[68],"year":[69],"existing":[71],"landcover":[72],"maps,":[73],"training":[74,213],"validation":[76],"sets":[77],"crop/non-crop":[79],"polygons":[80],"derived":[82],"with":[83,104,109],"contemporary":[85],"images.":[87],"The":[88,125,216],"classification":[89,206],"results":[90],"show":[91],"that":[92,155,169,219],"80%":[94,139],"requirement":[95],"on":[96,174],"NISAR":[98],"science":[99],"accuracy":[100],"achievable":[102],"only":[103],"HV":[106],"input":[107,203],"a":[110,129],"resolution":[111,127],"100":[113,132],"m.":[114],"In":[115],"comparison,":[116],"HH":[117],"polarized":[118],"do":[120,144],"not":[121,145,198],"meet":[122],"this":[123,165],"target.":[124],"spatial":[126],"key":[130],"factor:":[131],"m":[133,143],"necessary":[135],"to":[136,183,204,230],"accomplish":[137],"goal,":[140],"while":[141],"10":[142],"produce":[146],"desired":[148],"accuracy.":[149],"Unlike":[150],"previous":[152],"study":[153],"reporting":[154],"performs":[157],"better":[158],"than":[159],"L-band,":[160],"we":[161],"found":[162],"otherwise":[163],"study.":[166],"This":[167],"suggests":[168],"performance":[171],"likely":[172],"depends":[173],"site":[176],"interest":[178],"types.":[181],"Alternative":[182],"images,":[186],"Normalized":[188],"Difference":[189],"Vegetation":[190],"Index":[191],"(NDVI)":[192],"from":[193],"effective":[199],"either":[200],"or":[208],"ground":[210],"truth":[211],"algorithm.":[215],"reason":[217],"NDVI":[220],"becomes":[221],"saturated":[222],"temporally":[224],"static,":[225],"thus":[226],"rendering":[227],"pixels":[229],"be":[231],"misclassified":[232],"non-crop.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}