{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399172420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972","title":"An Integrated Multisource and Multiscale Monitoring Technique for Assessing the Health Status of High-Speed Railway Subgrade","display_name":"An Integrated Multisource and Multiscale Monitoring Technique for Assessing the Health Status of High-Speed Railway Subgrade","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399172420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1972/pdf?version=1717073945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1972/pdf?version=1717073945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101369186","display_name":"Yuanxingzi He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanxingzi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717758","display_name":"Yongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101277184","display_name":"Linrong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linrong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, 68 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100717758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84597134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1972","last_page":"1972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgrade","display_name":"Subgrade","score":0.7761119604110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.39288127422332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33611589670181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3282667398452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24711737036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.1770695149898529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182377489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337829","display_name":"Subgrade","level":2,"score":0.7761119604110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39288127422332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33611589670181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3282667398452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24711737036705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1770695149898529}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1972/pdf?version=1717073945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21292789f773465e80d6b9f4b7c8c9e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21292789f773465e80d6b9f4b7c8c9e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1972 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/16/11/1972/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111972","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1972/pdf?version=1717073945","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4811743277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G500197051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42172322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5874098922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42007419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174558747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Group","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698706268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2268213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316125","display_name":"China Railway","ror":"https://ror.org/044wv3489"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399172420.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010760701","https://openalex.org/W2017727533","https://openalex.org/W2026649936","https://openalex.org/W2037410600","https://openalex.org/W2042728548","https://openalex.org/W2081738958","https://openalex.org/W2092397937","https://openalex.org/W2103080574","https://openalex.org/W2109860319","https://openalex.org/W2112089676","https://openalex.org/W2247910335","https://openalex.org/W2269800768","https://openalex.org/W2354842402","https://openalex.org/W2467637883","https://openalex.org/W2508764147","https://openalex.org/W2537738395","https://openalex.org/W2562121581","https://openalex.org/W2793508741","https://openalex.org/W2795709275","https://openalex.org/W2800963862","https://openalex.org/W2808310813","https://openalex.org/W2889059222","https://openalex.org/W2903215920","https://openalex.org/W2917804691","https://openalex.org/W2922089059","https://openalex.org/W2964556060","https://openalex.org/W2972429845","https://openalex.org/W2981305283","https://openalex.org/W3003657101","https://openalex.org/W3022562941","https://openalex.org/W3040234396","https://openalex.org/W3116860397","https://openalex.org/W3157046937","https://openalex.org/W3158946901","https://openalex.org/W4200589270","https://openalex.org/W4214641256","https://openalex.org/W4226265047","https://openalex.org/W4283750969","https://openalex.org/W4285395664","https://openalex.org/W4294168505","https://openalex.org/W4309195345","https://openalex.org/W4365452234","https://openalex.org/W6653393515","https://openalex.org/W6752524324","https://openalex.org/W6766393366","https://openalex.org/W6769058788","https://openalex.org/W6787765144","https://openalex.org/W6846699880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2374578423","https://openalex.org/W2392689767","https://openalex.org/W1995333925","https://openalex.org/W2393467349","https://openalex.org/W190555568","https://openalex.org/W3209117021","https://openalex.org/W3095898100","https://openalex.org/W2359763629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,128],"precise":[1],"identification":[2],"of":[3,20,36,44,56,64,125,141,164,179,193,202,227,256],"railway":[4,13,294],"subgrade":[5,27,37,65,95,142,166,270],"defects":[6,28,38,143,182,214],"remains":[7],"a":[8,71,88,104,109,278],"significant":[9],"challenge":[10],"for":[11,94,159,269,293],"the":[12,18,34,42,54,84,114,122,126,134,139,145,156,161,165,169,172,177,184,187,194,203,217,225,253,264],"industry":[14],"globally.":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,79,132,209,239,244,276],"limitations":[19],"individual":[21],"monitoring":[22,63,92,115,157,178,229,267],"techniques,":[23],"comprehensive":[24,105],"information":[25],"on":[26,100,144,216],"cannot":[29],"be":[30,210,274,277,283],"obtained.":[31],"In":[32],"fact,":[33],"presence":[35],"can":[39,282],"significantly":[40],"increase":[41],"risk":[43],"traffic":[45],"accidents":[46,81],"during":[47,121],"high-speed":[48,147],"train":[49,57],"operations,":[50],"which":[51],"may":[52],"affect":[53],"safety":[55],"operations":[58],"and":[59,82,108,138,176,181,191,200,220,230,241,259,289],"economic":[60],"development.":[61],"health":[66,162],"status":[67,163,272],"is":[68,76,97,117,130],"used":[69,131],"as":[70,196,198,248],"pre-disaster":[72],"planning":[73],"method":[74,129,280],"that":[75,235,281],"urgently":[77],"required":[78],"avoid":[80],"guide":[83],"maintenance":[85,287],"strategy.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"novel":[89],"\u201cintegrated\u201d":[90,265],"holistic":[91,266],"approach":[93],"structures":[96],"presented":[98],"based":[99,215],"satellite":[101],"remote":[102],"sensing,":[103],"inspection":[106],"vehicle,":[107],"ground-based":[110],"testing":[111],"technique.":[112],"Additionally,":[113],"content":[116,158],"more":[118],"clearly":[119],"defined":[120],"service":[123,271],"life":[124],"subgrade.":[127,185],"investigate":[133],"location,":[135],"development":[136],"trend,":[137],"cause":[140],"Shanghai\u2013Nanjing":[146],"railway.":[148],"Some":[149],"new":[150],"viewpoints":[151],"are":[152,207,246],"put":[153],"forward:":[154],"First,":[155],"assessing":[160],"should":[167],"encompass":[168],"foundation":[170],"settlement,":[171],"track":[173,221],"geometry":[174],"status,":[175],"deformation":[180],"within":[183],"Second,":[186],"mileage":[188],"points":[189],"K235":[190,237],"K299":[192,242],"subgrade,":[195],"well":[197],"K236":[199],"K237":[201],"bridge\u2013subgrade":[204],"transition":[205],"sections,":[206],"estimated":[208],"locations":[211],"with":[212],"potential":[213],"differential":[218],"InSAR":[219],"quality":[222],"index.":[223],"Third,":[224],"result":[226],"settlement":[228],"ground-penetrating":[231],"radar":[232],"analysis":[233],"illustrates":[234],"sections":[236],"+540":[238],"+680":[240,243],"+750":[245],"diagnosed":[247],"defect":[249],"positions":[250],"triggered":[251],"by":[252],"rapid":[254],"drop":[255],"water":[257],"level":[258],"engineering":[260],"activity,":[261],"respectively.":[262],"Fourth,":[263],"technique":[268],"might":[273],"expected":[275],"promising":[279],"useful":[284],"in":[285],"developing":[286],"plans":[288],"implementing":[290],"fault":[291],"recovery":[292],"infrastructure.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}