{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398321558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854","title":"Combining \u201cDeep Learning\u201d and Physically Constrained Neural Networks to Derive Complex Glaciological Change Processes from Modern High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application of the GEOCLASS-Image System to Create VarioCNN for Glacier Surges","display_name":"Combining \u201cDeep Learning\u201d and Physically Constrained Neural Networks to Derive Complex Glaciological Change Processes from Modern High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application of the GEOCLASS-Image System to Create VarioCNN for Glacier Surges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398321558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1854/pdf?version=1716427686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1854/pdf?version=1716427686","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024845084","display_name":"U. C. Herzfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ute C. Herzfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063161642","display_name":"Lawrence John Hessburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence J. Hessburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004457827","display_name":"Thomas Trantow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Trantow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073606985","display_name":"Adam N Hayes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam N. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomathematics, Remote Sensing, and Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024845084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.2064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75009813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1854","last_page":"1854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5295321345329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5284818410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5161622762680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5076035261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49121803045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surge","display_name":"Surge","score":0.4758446216583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glacier","display_name":"Glacier","score":0.47365081310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46781039237976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.19668152928352356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5295321345329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5284818410873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5161622762680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5076035261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49121803045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154108245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287381","display_name":"Surge","level":2,"score":0.4758446216583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.47365081310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46781039237976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.19668152928352356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1854/pdf?version=1716427686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3476227be0840ff8034f532a3669ce0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3476227be0840ff8034f532a3669ce0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1854 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16111854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16111854","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/11/1854/pdf?version=1716427686","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398321558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505434929","https://openalex.org/W1596918852","https://openalex.org/W1648729927","https://openalex.org/W1912671989","https://openalex.org/W1915193232","https://openalex.org/W1964409545","https://openalex.org/W1975274762","https://openalex.org/W1978091994","https://openalex.org/W2000078090","https://openalex.org/W2001094816","https://openalex.org/W2004553299","https://openalex.org/W2013183096","https://openalex.org/W2021071797","https://openalex.org/W2024697317","https://openalex.org/W2024978468","https://openalex.org/W2025206659","https://openalex.org/W2025545919","https://openalex.org/W2028553238","https://openalex.org/W2031447753","https://openalex.org/W2032755047","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2045927941","https://openalex.org/W2052331316","https://openalex.org/W2052598822","https://openalex.org/W2056256511","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2056894411","https://openalex.org/W2057404971","https://openalex.org/W2067139113","https://openalex.org/W2068147690","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2076118331","https://openalex.org/W2076371967","https://openalex.org/W2079145130","https://openalex.org/W2101926813","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2121600054","https://openalex.org/W2124987461","https://openalex.org/W2125336244","https://openalex.org/W2131979394","https://openalex.org/W2135440854","https://openalex.org/W2139149217","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2151477007","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165513598","https://openalex.org/W2167387372","https://openalex.org/W2167582092","https://openalex.org/W2186369758","https://openalex.org/W2206762869","https://openalex.org/W2244624726","https://openalex.org/W2276275925","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2315471279","https://openalex.org/W2322388697","https://openalex.org/W2322988970","https://openalex.org/W2330484996","https://openalex.org/W2338225562","https://openalex.org/W2345086195","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2501391196","https://openalex.org/W2562827669","https://openalex.org/W2614292202","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2665594729","https://openalex.org/W2756419346","https://openalex.org/W2762026265","https://openalex.org/W2769480667","https://openalex.org/W2787712794","https://openalex.org/W2800386471","https://openalex.org/W2803187616","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2809234478","https://openalex.org/W2884933885","https://openalex.org/W2886885538","https://openalex.org/W2895526696","https://openalex.org/W2896371759","https://openalex.org/W2901662041","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2920930972","https://openalex.org/W2927594137","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2955388112","https://openalex.org/W2963008249","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963518130","https://openalex.org/W2964477674","https://openalex.org/W2970982215","https://openalex.org/W2971854796","https://openalex.org/W2973159718","https://openalex.org/W2973862509","https://openalex.org/W2987094173","https://openalex.org/W2990607448","https://openalex.org/W2991428942","https://openalex.org/W2992048428","https://openalex.org/W2995511918","https://openalex.org/W2995864059","https://openalex.org/W3004151245","https://openalex.org/W3013286786","https://openalex.org/W3016371765","https://openalex.org/W3033650189","https://openalex.org/W3035788610","https://openalex.org/W3039712633","https://openalex.org/W3132975090","https://openalex.org/W3143393467","https://openalex.org/W3159342690","https://openalex.org/W3170638357","https://openalex.org/W3193932390","https://openalex.org/W3200335109","https://openalex.org/W3205166814","https://openalex.org/W3205244585","https://openalex.org/W4205245482","https://openalex.org/W4206274729","https://openalex.org/W4213029281","https://openalex.org/W4220805675","https://openalex.org/W4223958490","https://openalex.org/W4224229906","https://openalex.org/W4231678899","https://openalex.org/W4233019976","https://openalex.org/W4234146734","https://openalex.org/W4240882647","https://openalex.org/W4241194806","https://openalex.org/W4243053434","https://openalex.org/W4243125909","https://openalex.org/W4283319085","https://openalex.org/W4287850129","https://openalex.org/W4296896569","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W4303615250","https://openalex.org/W4308344043","https://openalex.org/W4313332706","https://openalex.org/W4378980163","https://openalex.org/W4386384266","https://openalex.org/W4387162823","https://openalex.org/W4387483252","https://openalex.org/W4387802523","https://openalex.org/W4388760874","https://openalex.org/W4390733071","https://openalex.org/W6663476391","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6746438279","https://openalex.org/W6778849655","https://openalex.org/W6796853447","https://openalex.org/W6868503683","https://openalex.org/W6893271792","https://openalex.org/W6944905513","https://openalex.org/W6980622524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205593056","https://openalex.org/W4200442958","https://openalex.org/W4200359597","https://openalex.org/W4225500699","https://openalex.org/W3211019498","https://openalex.org/W1517978855","https://openalex.org/W4238455114","https://openalex.org/W4309523978","https://openalex.org/W4292583397","https://openalex.org/W2586462994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127,174],"objectives":[1],"of":[2,37,71,79,92,107,129,137,149,180,186],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"are":[5,118],"to":[6,23,152,162],"investigate":[7],"the":[8,35,69,72,105,135,164,169,181,187],"trade-offs":[9],"between":[10],"a":[11,17,25,38,42,85,109,121,138,144,150,178],"physically":[12],"constrained":[13],"neural":[14,20],"network":[15,21],"and":[16,22,58,89,116,184],"deep,":[18],"convolutional":[19],"design":[24],"combined":[26],"ML":[27,45],"approach":[28],"(\u201cVarioCNN\u201d).":[29],"Our":[30],"solution":[31],"is":[32,143,160,177],"provided":[33],"in":[34,168,197],"framework":[36],"cyberinfrastructure":[39],"that":[40,60,132,193],"includes":[41],"newly":[43],"designed":[44],"software,":[46],"GEOCLASS-image":[47,159],"(v1.0),":[48],"modern":[49],"high-resolution":[50],"satellite":[51,99],"image":[52],"data":[53,112],"sets":[54],"(Maxar":[55],"WorldView":[56],"data),":[57],"instructions/descriptions":[59],"may":[61],"facilitate":[62],"solving":[63],"similar":[64],"spatial":[65],"classification":[66,75,128],"problems.":[67],"Combining":[68],"advantages":[70],"physically-driven":[73],"connectionist-geostatistical":[74],"method":[76],"with":[77],"those":[78],"an":[80,147],"efficient":[81,90],"CNN,":[82],"VarioCNN":[83],"provides":[84],"means":[86],"for":[87],"rapid":[88],"extraction":[91],"complex":[93],"geophysical":[94,125,175],"information":[95],"from":[96],"submeter":[97],"resolution":[98],"imagery.":[100],"A":[101,141],"retraining":[102],"loop":[103],"overcomes":[104],"difficulties":[106],"creating":[108],"labeled":[110],"training":[111],"set.":[113],"Computational":[114],"analyses":[115],"developments":[117],"centered":[119],"on":[120,190],"specific,":[122],"but":[123],"generalizable,":[124],"problem:":[126],"crevasse":[130,191],"types":[131,192],"form":[133],"during":[134],"surge":[136,142,167],"glacier":[139,151],"system.":[140],"glacial":[145],"catastrophe,":[146],"acceleration":[148],"typically":[153],"100\u2013200":[154],"times":[155],"its":[156],"normal":[157],"velocity.":[158],"applied":[161],"study":[163],"current":[165],"(2016-2024)":[166],"Negribreen":[170],"Glacier":[171],"System,":[172],"Svalbard.":[173],"result":[176],"description":[179],"structural":[182],"evolution":[183],"expansion":[185],"surge,":[188],"based":[189],"capture":[194],"ice":[195],"deformation":[196],"six":[198],"simplified":[199],"classes.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
