{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397004653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101778","title":"Spatial Resolution as a Factor for Efficient UAV-Based Weed Mapping\u2014A Soybean Field Case Study","display_name":"Spatial Resolution as a Factor for Efficient UAV-Based Weed Mapping\u2014A Soybean Field Case Study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397004653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1778/pdf?version=1715943535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1778/pdf?version=1715943535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098676450","display_name":"Niklas Ubben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6286-7319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Ubben","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055493635","display_name":"Maren Pukrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-732X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maren Pukrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071580268","display_name":"Thomas Jarmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Jarmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Osnabrueck, Wachsbleiche 27, D-49090 Osnabrueck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071580268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.5448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88952746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1778","last_page":"1778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.595897912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5263984203338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed","display_name":"Weed","score":0.505683183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44423866271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.41968581080436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26448822021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2496054768562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10175114870071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10156324505805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.09350809454917908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.595897912979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5263984203338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.505683183670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44423866271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.41968581080436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26448822021484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2496054768562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10175114870071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10156324505805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.09350809454917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1778/pdf?version=1715943535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09baefbefecf407fb7564b39c0648475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09baefbefecf407fb7564b39c0648475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1778 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1778/pdf?version=1715943535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397004653.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522547150","https://openalex.org/W1594573182","https://openalex.org/W1978414573","https://openalex.org/W1990096926","https://openalex.org/W1995029758","https://openalex.org/W1998685830","https://openalex.org/W2006690683","https://openalex.org/W2011500029","https://openalex.org/W2071423370","https://openalex.org/W2080091930","https://openalex.org/W2081895269","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2086148793","https://openalex.org/W2099203675","https://openalex.org/W2112458566","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119879130","https://openalex.org/W2122671423","https://openalex.org/W2130937797","https://openalex.org/W2147312018","https://openalex.org/W2168481151","https://openalex.org/W2176623756","https://openalex.org/W2409744181","https://openalex.org/W2484108545","https://openalex.org/W2498934345","https://openalex.org/W2509244836","https://openalex.org/W2550198355","https://openalex.org/W2554701416","https://openalex.org/W2592849532","https://openalex.org/W2750497991","https://openalex.org/W2753093605","https://openalex.org/W2767767563","https://openalex.org/W2782347622","https://openalex.org/W2804504672","https://openalex.org/W2888663107","https://openalex.org/W2891367133","https://openalex.org/W2897492226","https://openalex.org/W2947411064","https://openalex.org/W2998595112","https://openalex.org/W3004192481","https://openalex.org/W3039926407","https://openalex.org/W3125430184","https://openalex.org/W3136950817","https://openalex.org/W3159975946","https://openalex.org/W3166182933","https://openalex.org/W3201281853","https://openalex.org/W4240152309","https://openalex.org/W4308150336","https://openalex.org/W4381435793","https://openalex.org/W6648899668","https://openalex.org/W6744072370","https://openalex.org/W6747542239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157457846","https://openalex.org/W1584821869","https://openalex.org/W2593562831","https://openalex.org/W2469187828","https://openalex.org/W2390063414","https://openalex.org/W1536445513","https://openalex.org/W2906314692","https://openalex.org/W3189926999","https://openalex.org/W2249746760","https://openalex.org/W991725839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,192,218],"influence":[1,27],"of":[2,28,42,49,63,80,116,195,208,277],"spatial":[3,29,43,65],"resolution":[4,30,44,158,169],"on":[5,10,25,45],"classification":[6,47,172,175],"accuracy":[7,48,118,160,166,225,254],"strongly":[8],"depends":[9],"the":[11,26,40,46,96,106,114,120,129,152,168,178,196,206,209,223,237,247,251,259,263,266,275],"research":[12],"object.":[13],"With":[14],"regard":[15,227],"to":[16,77,94,144,202,215,228],"unmanned":[17],"aerial":[18],"vehicle":[19],"(UAV)-based":[20],"weed":[21],"mapping,":[22],"contradictory":[23],"results":[24],"have":[31],"been":[32],"attained":[33],"so":[34],"far.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"this":[37],"study":[38,97],"evaluates":[39],"effect":[41],"weeds":[50],"in":[51,56,222,253,265],"a":[52,164],"soybean":[53],"field":[54],"located":[55],"Belm,":[57],"Lower":[58],"Saxony,":[59],"Germany.":[60],"RGB":[61],"imagery":[62],"four":[64],"resolutions":[66,179],"(0.27,":[67],"0.55,":[68],"1.10,":[69],"and":[70,84,102,108,123,134,159,189,233,240,243],"2.19":[71],"cm":[72],"ground":[73],"sampling":[74],"distance)":[75],"corresponding":[76],"flight":[78,107,260],"altitudes":[79],"10,":[81],"20,":[82],"40,":[83],"80":[85,201],"m":[86,235,245],"were":[87,111,132],"assessed.":[88],"Multinomial":[89],"logistic":[90],"regression":[91],"was":[92,142,161,255,270],"used":[93],"classify":[95],"area,":[98],"using":[99],"both":[100],"pixel-":[101],"object-based":[103,174,210,248],"approaches.":[104],"Additionally,":[105],"processing":[109],"times":[110],"monitored.":[112],"For":[113],"purpose":[115],"an":[117],"assessment,":[119],"producer\u2019s,":[121],"user\u2019s,":[122],"overall":[124,193],"accuracies":[125,194,207],"as":[126,128,167,258],"well":[127],"F1":[130],"scores":[131],"computed":[133],"analyzed":[135],"for":[136,187,236,246,274],"statistical":[137,182],"significance.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"McNemar\u2019s":[140],"test":[141],"conducted":[143],"ascertain":[145],"whether":[146],"statistically":[147],"significant":[148],"differences":[149],"existed":[150],"between":[151,157,231,241],"classifications.":[153],"A":[154],"linear":[155,257],"relationship":[156],"found,":[162],"with":[163,181,226],"diminishing":[165],"decreased.":[170],"Pixel-based":[171],"outperformed":[173],"across":[176],"all":[177],"examined,":[180],"significance":[183],"(p":[184],"<":[185],"0.05)":[186],"10":[188,242],"20":[190,232,244],"m.":[191],"pixel-based":[197,238],"approach":[198,211,239],"ranged":[199,212],"from":[200,213],"93":[203],"percent,":[204],"while":[205],"75":[214],"87":[216],"percent.":[217],"most":[219],"substantial":[220],"drops":[221],"weed-detection":[224],"altitude":[229,261],"occurred":[230],"40":[234],"approach.":[249],"While":[250],"decline":[252],"roughly":[256],"increased,":[262],"decrease":[264],"total":[267],"time":[268],"required":[269],"exponential,":[271],"providing":[272],"guidance":[273],"planning":[276],"future":[278],"UAV-based":[279],"weed-mapping":[280],"missions.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-05-18T00:00:00"}