{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396871453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710","title":"Influence of Inter-System Biases on Combined Single-Frequency BDS-2 and BDS-3 Pseudorange Positioning of Different Types of Receivers","display_name":"Influence of Inter-System Biases on Combined Single-Frequency BDS-2 and BDS-3 Pseudorange Positioning of Different Types of Receivers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396871453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1710/pdf?version=1715587783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1710/pdf?version=1715587783","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067898637","display_name":"Zeyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-5162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064546113","display_name":"Jianhui Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-9994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services, Shanghai 200240, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739130","display_name":"Zhimin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-3992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhimin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040371374","display_name":"Xing Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-6678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012009693","display_name":"Yan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-4792"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services, Shanghai 200240, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021423421","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089970845","display_name":"Chenlong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-9765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenlong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091219157","display_name":"Mengtang Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017770710","display_name":"China North Industries Group Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwdhv97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengtang Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211153, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Information Control Research Academy Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211153, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017770710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404130","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-2145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Era Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Era Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064546113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.1936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93706296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"1710","last_page":"1710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.9333519339561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5463796257972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4903292953968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3906020522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.324770987033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3064561188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2812103033065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20796319842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.19462686777114868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.9333519339561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5463796257972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4903292953968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3906020522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.324770987033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3064561188220978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2812103033065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20796319842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.19462686777114868}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1710/pdf?version=1715587783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00c7854367eb44678b13cdb07e77fe16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00c7854367eb44678b13cdb07e77fe16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 10, p 1710 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16101710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/10/1710/pdf?version=1715587783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2842069019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G603921342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G702066321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLNLBS2023002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7677518991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QD131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7724350946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLNLBS2023002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G941047139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QD131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396871453.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1663452842","https://openalex.org/W1958157063","https://openalex.org/W2037879427","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2067111995","https://openalex.org/W2078403117","https://openalex.org/W2100518726","https://openalex.org/W2151501940","https://openalex.org/W2224372737","https://openalex.org/W2268868325","https://openalex.org/W2319257867","https://openalex.org/W2320277068","https://openalex.org/W2541641430","https://openalex.org/W2584388362","https://openalex.org/W2585817551","https://openalex.org/W2612881227","https://openalex.org/W2763155489","https://openalex.org/W2948243136","https://openalex.org/W2949268375","https://openalex.org/W2955413675","https://openalex.org/W2971860701","https://openalex.org/W2971894182","https://openalex.org/W2972287069","https://openalex.org/W3000666996","https://openalex.org/W3164714109","https://openalex.org/W3169730807","https://openalex.org/W3213882868","https://openalex.org/W4200444056","https://openalex.org/W4210735705","https://openalex.org/W4362667628","https://openalex.org/W6632175673","https://openalex.org/W6637227662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352106811","https://openalex.org/W185487634","https://openalex.org/W3211349153","https://openalex.org/W3197945871","https://openalex.org/W4206403064","https://openalex.org/W2357594960","https://openalex.org/W2388466435","https://openalex.org/W4381149623","https://openalex.org/W2319953189","https://openalex.org/W2371604604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,122,143,169,256,276],"BeiDou":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"System":[4],"(BDS)":[5],"has":[6,22,131],"developed":[7],"rapidly,":[8],"and":[9,17,36,47,64,70,84,110,156,186,227,252,268],"the":[10,45,55,66,90,97,111,126,136,147,157,173,182,187,190,194,203,209,212,235,240,249,262,270,296],"combination":[11],"of":[12,57,78,100,193,215,242,265,272,279],"BDS":[13,18],"Phase":[14,19],"II":[15],"(BDS-2)":[16],"III":[20],"(BDS-3)":[21],"attracted":[23],"wide":[24],"attention.":[25],"It":[26],"is":[27,103,114,152,160,197],"found":[28],"that":[29,201],"there":[30],"are":[31,176,287,299],"code":[32,72,98,120,123,144,166,170,210,236,266,281],"ISBs":[33,73,99,124,145,171,237,267,273,282],"between":[34],"BDS-2":[35,46],"BDS-3,":[37],"which":[38,139,246],"may":[39],"have":[40],"a":[41,132],"certain":[42],"impact":[43,188],"on":[44,54,135,189,202],"BDS-3":[48],"combined":[49,59],"positioning.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"focuses":[53],"performance":[56,68,192],"BDS-2/BDS-3":[58],"B1I":[60],"single-frequency":[61],"pseudorange":[62],"positioning":[63,67,137,191,253],"investigates":[65],"with":[69,128,149],"without":[71],"correction":[74],"for":[75,224],"different":[76],"types":[77],"receivers,":[79,96,185,233],"include":[80],"geodetic":[81,94,183,204,284],"GNSS":[82,95,184,205,285],"receivers":[83,130,151,175,196,217,286,306],"low-cost":[85,174,195,216,232,250,305],"receivers.":[86,206],"results":[88],"show":[89],"following:":[91],"(1)":[92],"For":[93,231],"each":[101],"receiver":[102],"about":[104,153,290,302],"\u22120.3":[105],"m":[106],"to":[107,308],"\u22120.8":[108],"m,":[109,155],"position":[112,158,213],"deviation":[113,159,214],"reduced":[115,161,220,288,300],"by":[116,162,221,289,301],"7%":[117,303],"after":[118,164,292],"correcting":[119,165,208,234],"ISBs.":[121,167],"in":[125,146,172,181,283,304],"baseline":[127,148],"homogeneous":[129],"little":[133],"influence":[134],"result,":[138],"can":[140,218,238,259],"be":[141,219],"ignored.":[142],"heterogeneous":[150],"\u22120.5":[154],"4%":[163],"(2)":[168],"significantly":[177,198],"larger":[178],"than":[179,200],"those":[180],"greater":[199],"After":[207],"ISBs,":[211],"around":[222],"12%":[223],"both":[225],"undifferenced":[226],"differenced":[228],"modes.":[229],"(3)":[230],"increase":[239],"number":[241],"epochs":[243],"successfully":[244],"solved,":[245],"effectively":[247,260],"improves":[248],"navigation":[251],"performance.":[254],"(4)":[255],"carrier-phase-smoothing":[257],"method":[258],"reduce":[261],"distribution":[263],"dispersion":[264],"make":[269],"estimation":[271],"more":[274],"accurate.":[275],"STD":[277],"values":[278,298],"estimated":[280],"40%":[291],"carrier-phase":[293,311],"smoothing,":[294],"while":[295],"corresponding":[297],"due":[307],"their":[309],"poor":[310],"observation":[312],"quality.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
