{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396511456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091598","title":"Comparative Analysis of Earth Observation Methodologies for Irrigation Water Accounting in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Earth Observation Methodologies for Irrigation Water Accounting in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396511456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1598/pdf?version=1714472281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1598/pdf?version=1714472281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095947999","display_name":"Gabriel Moujabber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189998669","display_name":"Holy Spirit University of Kaslik","ror":"https://ror.org/05g06bh89","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189998669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122493","display_name":"Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/0286eck14","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122493","https://openalex.org/I4210150129"]}],"countries":["IT","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Moujabber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agriculture, The School of Engineering, The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon","Department of Sustainable Water and Land Management in Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agriculture, The School of Engineering, The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189998669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sustainable Water and Land Management in Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022149449","display_name":"Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Abi Saab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154502","display_name":"Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0499qn039","country_code":"LB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189998669","display_name":"Holy Spirit University of Kaslik","ror":"https://ror.org/05g06bh89","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189998669"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Therese Abi Saab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Water Unit, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar P.O. Box 90-1965, Lebanon","Department of Agriculture, The School of Engineering, The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Water Unit, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar P.O. Box 90-1965, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154502"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agriculture, The School of Engineering, The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189998669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070946946","display_name":"Salim Roukoz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salim Roukoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Agriculture, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Agriculture, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051367316","display_name":"Daniela D\u2019Agostino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122493","display_name":"Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/0286eck14","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122493","https://openalex.org/I4210150129"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela D\u2019Agostino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sustainable Water and Land Management in Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sustainable Water and Land Management in Agriculture, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059101225","display_name":"Oscar Rosario Belfiore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-4224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Rosario Belfiore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079594926","display_name":"Guido D\u2019Urso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117450","display_name":"Federico II University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jr6tp70","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guido D\u2019Urso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079594926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117450","https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.6675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62598712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1598","last_page":"1598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12543","display_name":"Groundwater and Watershed Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5024247169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation","display_name":"Irrigation","score":0.4770316779613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","score":0.46421125531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.042654335498809814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5024247169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4770316779613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.46421125531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.042654335498809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1598/pdf?version=1714472281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09856570ac6b499289e644e9af29394e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09856570ac6b499289e644e9af29394e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1598 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091598","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1598/pdf?version=1714472281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396511456.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892451971","https://openalex.org/W1957473253","https://openalex.org/W1966854945","https://openalex.org/W1969548928","https://openalex.org/W1973552978","https://openalex.org/W2013086683","https://openalex.org/W2037350775","https://openalex.org/W2065195561","https://openalex.org/W2065581829","https://openalex.org/W2067928470","https://openalex.org/W2094473727","https://openalex.org/W2104717058","https://openalex.org/W2122266551","https://openalex.org/W2144530683","https://openalex.org/W2155289042","https://openalex.org/W2157005989","https://openalex.org/W2550113586","https://openalex.org/W2595201726","https://openalex.org/W2613781739","https://openalex.org/W2620888648","https://openalex.org/W2766128998","https://openalex.org/W2886280815","https://openalex.org/W2898876621","https://openalex.org/W2923750943","https://openalex.org/W2945065301","https://openalex.org/W2955786086","https://openalex.org/W3008757043","https://openalex.org/W3010956531","https://openalex.org/W3016187622","https://openalex.org/W3023560359","https://openalex.org/W3049736050","https://openalex.org/W3199172492","https://openalex.org/W4311970303","https://openalex.org/W4385172370","https://openalex.org/W6774894882","https://openalex.org/W6782574230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2478024444","https://openalex.org/W3142718750","https://openalex.org/W4240602642","https://openalex.org/W560642796","https://openalex.org/W4318537354","https://openalex.org/W4385028299","https://openalex.org/W605504905","https://openalex.org/W2496156544","https://openalex.org/W564212976","https://openalex.org/W2758561483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,195],"study":[1,113],"extensively":[2],"examines":[3],"the":[4,58,73,82,85,104,107,115,128,134,148,158,162,170,174,181,185,192,207],"estimation":[5],"of":[6,60,75,84,106,117,157,164],"irrigation":[7,65],"water":[8,53,66,204],"requirements":[9],"using":[10,47],"different":[11],"methodologies":[12,119],"based":[13],"on":[14,46,169],"Earth":[15],"Observation":[16],"data.":[17],"Specifically,":[18],"two":[19],"distinct":[20],"methods":[21,166],"inspired":[22],"by":[23,40],"recent":[24],"remote":[25],"sensing":[26],"and":[27,33,51,63,101,131,147],"satellite":[28],"technology":[29],"developments":[30],"are":[31],"examined":[32],"compared.":[34],"The":[35,68,137,155],"first":[36],"methodology,":[37],"as":[38,98],"outlined":[39],"Maselli":[41,175],"et":[42,77],"al.":[43,78],"(2020),":[44],"focuses":[45],"Sentinel-2":[48,91],"MSI":[49],"data":[50,92],"a":[52],"stress":[54],"scalar":[55],"to":[56],"estimate":[57],"levels":[59],"actual":[61],"evapotranspiration":[62,100],"net":[64],"(NIW).":[67],"second":[69],"methodology":[70],"derives":[71],"from":[72],"work":[74],"D\u2019Urso":[76,186],"(2021),":[79],"which":[80],"includes":[81],"application":[83],"Penman\u2013Monteith":[86],"equation":[87],"in":[88,110,206,213],"conjunction":[89],"with":[90,143],"for":[93,120,127,133,201],"estimating":[94,211],"key":[95],"parameters,":[96],"such":[97],"crop":[99],"NIW.":[102],"In":[103],"context":[105],"Bekaa":[108,208],"Valley":[109,209],"Lebanon,":[111],"this":[112],"explores":[114],"suitability":[116],"both":[118],"irrigated":[121],"potato":[122,125,214],"crops":[123],"(nine":[124],"fields":[126],"early":[129,193],"season":[130],"eight":[132],"late":[135,182],"season).":[136],"obtained":[138],"NIW":[139,212],"value":[140],"was":[141],"compared":[142],"measured":[144],"field":[145],"data,":[146],"root":[149],"mean":[150],"square":[151],"errors":[152],"were":[153],"calculated.":[154],"results":[156],"comparison":[159],"showed":[160],"that":[161],"effectiveness":[163],"these":[165],"varies":[167],"depending":[168],"growing":[171],"season.":[172,194],"Notably,":[173],"method":[176,187],"exhibited":[177],"better":[178],"performance":[179],"during":[180,191],"season,":[183],"while":[184],"proved":[188],"more":[189],"accurate":[190],"comparative":[196],"assessment":[197],"provided":[198],"valuable":[199],"insights":[200],"effective":[202],"agricultural":[203],"management":[205],"when":[210],"cultivation.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
