{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396514768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091593","title":"Trajectory Deviation Estimation Method for UAV-Borne Through-Wall Radar","display_name":"Trajectory Deviation Estimation Method for UAV-Borne Through-Wall Radar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396514768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1593/pdf?version=1714468160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1593/pdf?version=1714468160","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109728572","display_name":"Luying Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038783934","display_name":"Xiaolu Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-8137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023771676","display_name":"Shichao Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016353080","display_name":"Junbo Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5299-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbo Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101864198","display_name":"Xiaopeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038783934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.6338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81946375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1593","last_page":"1593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.698840320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6224566698074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4803003668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.478973388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.44160035252571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3595813512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34237849712371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3404931128025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28014761209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11981537938117981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.698840320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6224566698074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4803003668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.478973388671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.44160035252571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3595813512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34237849712371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3404931128025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28014761209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11981537938117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1593/pdf?version=1714468160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50fb720d7f204a1ead0e512195fabadc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50fb720d7f204a1ead0e512195fabadc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1593 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1593/pdf?version=1714468160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225249304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3050012222315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6473800868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3050012222315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7936704361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396514768.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483195066","https://openalex.org/W1527747735","https://openalex.org/W1543932500","https://openalex.org/W1988365767","https://openalex.org/W2016937894","https://openalex.org/W2017832133","https://openalex.org/W2018301928","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2065642904","https://openalex.org/W2093331703","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2117739723","https://openalex.org/W2118198126","https://openalex.org/W2141915264","https://openalex.org/W2143070649","https://openalex.org/W2199111143","https://openalex.org/W2533911084","https://openalex.org/W2578679850","https://openalex.org/W2596046861","https://openalex.org/W2620951959","https://openalex.org/W2625943515","https://openalex.org/W2740900343","https://openalex.org/W2800517054","https://openalex.org/W2980433939","https://openalex.org/W3036442921","https://openalex.org/W3150667437","https://openalex.org/W3156173621","https://openalex.org/W3212923483","https://openalex.org/W4281618331","https://openalex.org/W4388405574","https://openalex.org/W4389664558","https://openalex.org/W6669418792","https://openalex.org/W6793065844","https://openalex.org/W6794520967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323768008","https://openalex.org/W1941703695","https://openalex.org/W3131574667","https://openalex.org/W4360995134","https://openalex.org/W4248382324","https://openalex.org/W3023605104","https://openalex.org/W2039473718","https://openalex.org/W2387529410","https://openalex.org/W2383578611","https://openalex.org/W4252337044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mini\u2013unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(mini-UAVs)":[3],"are":[4,38],"emerging":[5],"as":[6,35],"a":[7,60,182],"promising":[8],"platform":[9],"for":[10,173],"through-wall":[11,229],"radar":[12,230],"to":[13,24,30,40,174,188],"sense":[14],"the":[15,50,54,65,71,77,84,96,104,108,114,117,122,139,143,149,154,158,163,168,190,194,200,208,214,220,224],"enclosed":[16],"space":[17,119],"in":[18,142,157,167],"cities,":[19],"especially":[20],"high-rise":[21],"buildings,":[22],"due":[23,29],"their":[25,45],"excellent":[26],"maneuverability.":[27],"However,":[28],"unavoidable":[31,85],"environmental":[32],"interference":[33],"such":[34],"airflow,":[36],"mini-UAVs":[37],"prone":[39],"trajectory":[41,57,79,105,140,165,191,216],"deviation":[42,58,141,166,192],"thus":[43],"degrading":[44],"sensing":[46,225],"accuracy.":[47],"Most":[48],"of":[49,56,81,116,121,133,153,227],"existing":[51],"approaches":[52],"model":[53],"impact":[55],"into":[59],"polynomial":[61],"phase":[62],"error":[63,74,124],"on":[64,95],"received":[66],"signal,":[67],"which":[68,101],"cannot":[69],"fit":[70],"space-variant":[72],"motion":[73,123],"well.":[75],"Moreover,":[76],"large":[78],"deviations":[80,106,217],"UAVs":[82],"introduce":[83],"envelope":[86],"error.":[87],"This":[88],"article":[89],"proposes":[90],"an":[91,176],"autofocusing":[92],"algorithm":[93,210],"based":[94],"back":[97],"projection":[98],"(BP)":[99],"image,":[100,179],"directly":[102],"estimates":[103],"between":[107],"actual":[109],"and":[110,203],"measured":[111],"track.":[112],"Thus,":[113],"problem":[115],"2D":[118],"variability":[120],"can":[125,211],"be":[126],"circumvented.":[127],"The":[128],"proposed":[129,209],"method":[130],"mainly":[131],"consists":[132],"two":[134],"steps.":[135],"First,":[136],"we":[137],"estimate":[138,189,213],"line-of-sight":[144],"(LOS)":[145],"direction":[146,170],"by":[147,181],"exploring":[148],"underlying":[150],"linear":[151],"property":[152],"wall":[155],"embedded":[156],"BP":[159,178],"imaging":[160],"result.":[161],"Then,":[162],"estimated":[164],"LOS":[169],"is":[171],"compensated":[172],"obtain":[175],"updated":[177],"followed":[180],"Particle":[183],"Swarm":[184],"Optimization":[185],"(PSO)":[186],"approach":[187],"along":[193],"track":[195],"through":[196],"focusing":[197],"targets":[198],"behind":[199],"wall.":[201],"Simulations":[202],"practical":[204],"experiments":[205],"show":[206],"that":[207],"accurately":[212],"serious":[215],"larger":[218],"than":[219],"range":[221],"resolution,":[222],"improving":[223],"robustness":[226],"UAV-borne":[228],"greatly.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
