{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396229341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091578","title":"Salinity Fronts in the South Atlantic","display_name":"Salinity Fronts in the South Atlantic","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396229341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1578/pdf?version=1714382070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1578/pdf?version=1714382070","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057179800","display_name":"Igor M. Belkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-6836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Igor M. Belkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022622458","display_name":"Xin-Tang Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Tang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057179800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.2129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46271477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1578","last_page":"1578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.6666468381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.519873857498169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.6666468381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.519873857498169}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1578/pdf?version=1714382070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a26d62752ef946ed97de0fc90d5a4cd3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a26d62752ef946ed97de0fc90d5a4cd3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1578 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091578","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1578/pdf?version=1714382070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396229341.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118589961","https://openalex.org/W142986527","https://openalex.org/W1038097265","https://openalex.org/W1178853882","https://openalex.org/W1698263455","https://openalex.org/W1906409179","https://openalex.org/W1942107058","https://openalex.org/W1965045254","https://openalex.org/W1968545973","https://openalex.org/W1974244563","https://openalex.org/W1977342727","https://openalex.org/W1977524900","https://openalex.org/W1981386117","https://openalex.org/W1985820451","https://openalex.org/W1987070023","https://openalex.org/W1987130837","https://openalex.org/W1987242179","https://openalex.org/W1995162001","https://openalex.org/W1996888149","https://openalex.org/W1997945258","https://openalex.org/W1998825995","https://openalex.org/W2000176595","https://openalex.org/W2003707057","https://openalex.org/W2003733225","https://openalex.org/W2006176997","https://openalex.org/W2008851052","https://openalex.org/W2015399060","https://openalex.org/W2018628460","https://openalex.org/W2019362864","https://openalex.org/W2022094797","https://openalex.org/W2025166828","https://openalex.org/W2026754308","https://openalex.org/W2028791064","https://openalex.org/W2028930586","https://openalex.org/W2029452049","https://openalex.org/W2031166656","https://openalex.org/W2032516455","https://openalex.org/W2034444696","https://openalex.org/W2040030234","https://openalex.org/W2046016975","https://openalex.org/W2046952613","https://openalex.org/W2047028591","https://openalex.org/W2047572519","https://openalex.org/W2048336613","https://openalex.org/W2055490948","https://openalex.org/W2055617603","https://openalex.org/W2061575535","https://openalex.org/W2062069415","https://openalex.org/W2062649011","https://openalex.org/W2064167010","https://openalex.org/W2065858958","https://openalex.org/W2071905518","https://openalex.org/W2072948157","https://openalex.org/W2074804945","https://openalex.org/W2077213543","https://openalex.org/W2077236660","https://openalex.org/W2078110640","https://openalex.org/W2083044260","https://openalex.org/W2084697921","https://openalex.org/W2086622434","https://openalex.org/W2090254593","https://openalex.org/W2090312552","https://openalex.org/W2092644750","https://openalex.org/W2093607166","https://openalex.org/W2098164014","https://openalex.org/W2110857396","https://openalex.org/W2121828850","https://openalex.org/W2124378116","https://openalex.org/W2126889329","https://openalex.org/W2140979652","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2147938162","https://openalex.org/W2151622999","https://openalex.org/W2153499851","https://openalex.org/W2157370482","https://openalex.org/W2158803432","https://openalex.org/W2158884831","https://openalex.org/W2159602351","https://openalex.org/W2161835650","https://openalex.org/W2161952158","https://openalex.org/W2168932899","https://openalex.org/W2175189347","https://openalex.org/W2274275657","https://openalex.org/W2288870600","https://openalex.org/W2296462196","https://openalex.org/W2319060958","https://openalex.org/W2338322598","https://openalex.org/W2489587979","https://openalex.org/W2519747177","https://openalex.org/W2593771869","https://openalex.org/W2599858746","https://openalex.org/W2781515835","https://openalex.org/W2791433246","https://openalex.org/W2803384038","https://openalex.org/W2804021385","https://openalex.org/W2804183390","https://openalex.org/W2883603717","https://openalex.org/W2934610080","https://openalex.org/W2946571005","https://openalex.org/W2964328279","https://openalex.org/W2970406249","https://openalex.org/W2971573157","https://openalex.org/W2972336762","https://openalex.org/W2972687049","https://openalex.org/W2982346731","https://openalex.org/W2993415500","https://openalex.org/W2998710374","https://openalex.org/W3006841645","https://openalex.org/W3013216831","https://openalex.org/W3026113730","https://openalex.org/W3033661036","https://openalex.org/W3086938692","https://openalex.org/W3087592713","https://openalex.org/W3091181090","https://openalex.org/W3098654620","https://openalex.org/W3104943596","https://openalex.org/W3114290920","https://openalex.org/W3135605227","https://openalex.org/W3153802277","https://openalex.org/W3167258239","https://openalex.org/W3170976851","https://openalex.org/W3180004189","https://openalex.org/W3200491373","https://openalex.org/W3210032849","https://openalex.org/W4210767969","https://openalex.org/W4212791456","https://openalex.org/W4213125069","https://openalex.org/W4252786846","https://openalex.org/W4293763611","https://openalex.org/W4311903923","https://openalex.org/W4315865215","https://openalex.org/W4380611681","https://openalex.org/W4386220889","https://openalex.org/W4387494296","https://openalex.org/W4388325290","https://openalex.org/W6763539472","https://openalex.org/W7051800340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W2004200960","https://openalex.org/W1999891779","https://openalex.org/W2029513011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monthly":[0,121],"climatology":[1],"data":[2],"for":[3,127,133],"salinity":[4,18,423,462],"fronts":[5,44,131,463],"in":[6,94,302,324,336],"the":[7,26,61,71,87,138,186,190,259,268,274,289,292,308,330,347,351,354,361,365,376,394,416,429,445,449],"South":[8,184,269,309],"Atlantic":[9],"have":[10,45,73],"been":[11,46,74],"created":[12],"from":[13,22,305,339,360,375,428],"satellite":[14],"SMOS":[15],"sea":[16],"surface":[17],"(SSS)":[19],"measurements":[20],"taken":[21],"2011\u20132019,":[23],"processed":[24],"at":[25,397,433],"Barcelona":[27],"Expert":[28],"Center":[29],"of":[30,51,57,82,90,185,200,223,238,277,448],"Remote":[31],"Sensing":[32],"(BEC),":[33],"and":[34,102,114,125,132,150,160,244,255,286,317,325,453],"provided":[35],"as":[36],"high-resolution":[37],"(1/20\u00b0)":[38],"daily":[39],"SSS":[40,43,66,83,130,202],"data.":[41],"The":[42,65,80,207,232,246,263,319,370,384,399,435],"identified":[47],"with":[48,109,167,178,273,364],"narrow":[49,197],"zones":[50],"enhanced":[52],"horizontal":[53],"gradient":[54,67,91],"magnitude":[55],"(GM)":[56],"SSS,":[58],"computed":[59],"using":[60],"Belkin\u2013O\u2019Reilly":[62],"algorithm":[63],"(BOA).":[64],"fields":[68],"generated":[69,124],"by":[70,137,378,404,461],"BOA":[72],"log-transformed":[75],"to":[76,99,106,164,257,279,313,342,344,393,413],"facilitate":[77],"feature":[78],"recognition.":[79],"log-transformation":[81],"gradients":[84],"markedly":[85],"improved":[86],"visual":[88],"contrast":[89],"maps,":[92],"which":[93,220,408,425],"turn":[95],"allowed":[96],"new":[97],"features":[98,105],"be":[100,107,165],"revealed":[101],"previously":[103],"known":[104],"documented":[108],"a":[110,115,174,179,194,224,281,379,405,422,442],"monthly":[111],"temporal":[112],"resolution":[113],"mesoscale":[116,170],"(~100":[117],"km)":[118],"spatial":[119],"resolution.":[120],"climatologies":[122],"were":[123],"analyzed":[126],"large-scale":[128],"open-ocean":[129],"low-salinity":[134,417,446],"regions":[135],"maintained":[136],"Rio":[139,293],"de":[140,294],"la":[141,295],"Plata":[142,296,321,348],"discharge,":[143,149],"Magellan":[144,331],"Strait":[145,332],"outflow,":[146],"Congo":[147,355,386,450],"River":[148,356,387,451],"Benguela":[151,400,418,454],"Upwelling.":[152,455],"A":[153],"2000":[154],"km-long":[155],"triangular":[156],"area":[157],"between":[158,253,284,444],"Africa":[159,278],"Brazil":[161,247],"was":[162,205],"found":[163],"filled":[166],"regular":[168],"quasi-meridional":[169],"striations":[171],"that":[172,228,464],"form":[173,280],"giant":[175],"ripple":[176],"field":[177],"100":[180],"km":[181],"wave":[182],"length.":[183],"Tropical":[187],"Front,":[188],"within":[189],"subtropical":[191],"high-salinity":[192,436,457],"pool,":[193],"trans-ocean":[195],"quasi-zonal":[196,380],"linear":[198,218],"belt":[199,210],"meridional":[201,208,406],"maximum":[203],"(Smax)":[204],"documented.":[206],"Smax":[209],"shifts":[211],"north\u2013south":[212,466],"seasonally":[213,391],"while":[214],"retaining":[215],"its":[216],"well-defined":[217],"morphology,":[219],"is":[221,372,402,426,459],"suggestive":[222],"yet":[225],"unidentified":[226],"mechanism":[227],"maintains":[229],"this":[230],"feature.":[231],"Subtropical":[233],"Frontal":[234],"Zone":[235],"(STFZ)":[236],"consists":[237],"two":[239],"tenuously":[240],"connected":[241],"fronts,":[242],"western":[243],"eastern.":[245],"Current":[248],"Front":[249,396,432],"(BCF)":[250],"extends":[251,409],"SE":[252,352],"40":[254,285],"45\u00b0S":[256],"join":[258,346],"subantarctic":[260],"front":[261,283,322,381],"(SAF).":[262],"STFZ":[264],"trends":[265],"NW\u2013SE":[266],"across":[267],"Atlantic,":[270,291,353],"seemingly":[271],"merging":[272],"SAF/BCF":[275],"south":[276,377],"single":[282],"45\u00b0S.":[287],"In":[288,350],"SW":[290],"plume":[297,357,371],"migrates":[298],"seasonally,":[299],"expanding":[300],"northward":[301,335],"winter":[303,337],"(June\u2013July)":[304,338],"39\u00b0S":[306],"into":[307],"Brazilian":[310],"Bight,":[311],"up":[312,341,412],"Cabo":[314],"Frio":[315],"(23\u00b0S)":[316],"beyond.":[318],"inner":[320],"moves":[323],"out":[326],"seasonally.":[327,369,467],"Farther":[328],"south,":[329],"outflow":[333,452],"expands":[334],"53\u00b0S":[340],"39\u201340\u00b0S":[343],"nearly":[345],"outflow.":[349],"spreads":[358,389],"radially":[359],"river":[362],"mouth,":[363],"spreading":[366],"direction":[367],"varying":[368],"often":[373],"bordered":[374,460],"along":[382],"6\u00b0S.":[383],"diluted":[385],"water":[388,420,438],"southward":[390],"down":[392],"Angola\u2013Benguela":[395,431],"16\u00b0S.":[398,434],"Upwelling":[401,419],"delineated":[403],"front,":[407,424],"north":[410],"alongshore":[411],"20\u00b0S,":[414],"where":[415],"forms":[421,441],"separate":[427],"thermal":[430],"tropical":[437],"(\u201cAngola":[439],"water\u201d)":[440],"wedge":[443,458],"waters":[447],"This":[456],"migrate":[465]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}