{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395031633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493","title":"Transferability of Machine Learning Models for Crop Classification in Remote Sensing Imagery Using a New Test Methodology: A Study on Phenological, Temporal, and Spatial Influences","display_name":"Transferability of Machine Learning Models for Crop Classification in Remote Sensing Imagery Using a New Test Methodology: A Study on Phenological, Temporal, and Spatial Influences","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395031633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1493/pdf?version=1713885592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1493/pdf?version=1713885592","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102013994","display_name":"Hauke Hoppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-6640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hauke Hoppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025048409","display_name":"Peter Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-2354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137479271","display_name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000h6jb29","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany","Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137479271"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065838426","display_name":"Philip Marzahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Marzahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046484779","display_name":"Thomas Wei\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-8379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wei\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096909014","display_name":"Christian Nitzsche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Nitzsche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079620792","display_name":"Uwe Freiherr von Lukas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Freiherr von Lukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research (IGD), Joachim-Jungius-Str. 11, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013347232","display_name":"Thomas Wengerek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-3512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148663","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Stralsund","ror":"https://ror.org/04g99jx54","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148663"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wengerek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Hochschule Stralsund, University of Applied Sciences, D-18435 Stralsund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Hochschule Stralsund, University of Applied Sciences, D-18435 Stralsund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102724890","display_name":"Erik Borg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132631","display_name":"Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9q7371","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132631"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Borg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoinformatics and Geodesy, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, D-17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany","German Aerospace Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center, National Ground Segment, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoinformatics and Geodesy, Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, D-17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center, National Ground Segment, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102013994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.7388,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96888707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1493","last_page":"1493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7263984680175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6706916689872742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.62659752368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6249951720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6232073307037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.5406792163848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","score":0.5316916704177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.5126356482505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.507424533367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21419498324394226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7263984680175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706916689872742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.62659752368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6249951720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6232073307037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.5406792163848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5316916704177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.5126356482505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.507424533367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21419498324394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1493/pdf?version=1713885592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:205064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493>.","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/205064/1/remotesensing-16-01493-with-cover.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a137e844dc1546c497f0ce7adcf54446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a137e844dc1546c497f0ce7adcf54446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1493 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/467078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/467078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091493","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1493/pdf?version=1713885592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G352791218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(BMBF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395031633.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1584308190","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1991361881","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2031775731","https://openalex.org/W2036745212","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2077707413","https://openalex.org/W2086620533","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106319224","https://openalex.org/W2132424470","https://openalex.org/W2150705511","https://openalex.org/W2156182980","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2331071973","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2597284376","https://openalex.org/W2613013283","https://openalex.org/W2766073319","https://openalex.org/W2769599585","https://openalex.org/W2889759488","https://openalex.org/W2897881446","https://openalex.org/W2900680941","https://openalex.org/W2909728654","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2995788753","https://openalex.org/W3000271845","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3082077183","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3108426037","https://openalex.org/W3168515958","https://openalex.org/W3183668645","https://openalex.org/W3212801349","https://openalex.org/W3214851074","https://openalex.org/W3215242937","https://openalex.org/W4214538766","https://openalex.org/W4220942385","https://openalex.org/W4224306281","https://openalex.org/W4224308360","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4283719362","https://openalex.org/W4322210288","https://openalex.org/W4366773284","https://openalex.org/W4379618437","https://openalex.org/W4383346254","https://openalex.org/W4385462341","https://openalex.org/W6637404493","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6738154344","https://openalex.org/W6745939296","https://openalex.org/W6756598815","https://openalex.org/W6797936957","https://openalex.org/W6999542906","https://openalex.org/W7026766216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399895933","https://openalex.org/W2161221533","https://openalex.org/W4229699405","https://openalex.org/W4386690025","https://openalex.org/W4322710485","https://openalex.org/W4402664569","https://openalex.org/W4315777889","https://openalex.org/W3201348321","https://openalex.org/W4386859505","https://openalex.org/W3093959849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,36],"models":[2,37,93],"are":[3,98],"used":[4],"to":[5,26,108,128,134],"identify":[6],"crops":[7],"in":[8,137,140],"satellite":[9],"data,":[10],"which":[11],"achieve":[12],"high":[13,22],"classification":[14,40,66],"accuracy":[15],"but":[16],"do":[17],"not":[18],"necessarily":[19],"have":[20],"a":[21,46,88,144,153],"degree":[23],"of":[24,34,55,59,68,91,147],"transferability":[25,97],"new":[27,47],"regions.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"investigates":[31],"the":[32,53,56,65,124,135,161,168],"use":[33],"machine":[35],"for":[38],"crop":[39],"using":[41],"Sentinel-2":[42],"imagery.":[43],"It":[44],"proposes":[45],"testing":[48,102],"methodology":[49,103],"that":[50,123],"systematically":[51],"analyzes":[52],"quality":[54],"spatial":[57,96],"transfer":[58],"trained":[60,151,159,166],"models.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"results":[67],"Random":[69],"Forest":[70],"(RF),":[71],"eXtreme":[72],"Gradient":[73,77],"Boosting":[74],"(XGBoost),":[75],"Stochastic":[76],"Descent":[78],"(SGD),":[79],"Multilayer":[80],"Perceptron":[81],"(MLP),":[82],"Support":[83],"Vector":[84],"Machines":[85],"(SVM),":[86],"and":[87,94,113,163],"Majority":[89],"Voting":[90],"all":[92],"their":[95],"assessed.":[99],"The":[100],"proposed":[101],"comprises":[104],"18":[105],"test":[106],"scenarios":[107],"investigate":[109],"phenological,":[110],"temporal,":[111],"spatial,":[112],"quantitative":[114],"(quantitative":[115],"regarding":[116],"available":[117],"training":[118],"data)":[119],"influences.":[120],"Results":[121],"show":[122],"model":[125],"accuracies":[126],"tend":[127],"decrease":[129],"with":[130,143],"increasing":[131],"time":[132],"due":[133],"differences":[136],"phenological":[138],"phases":[139],"different":[141],"regions,":[142],"combined":[145],"F1-score":[146],"82%":[148],"(XGBoost)":[149,157],"when":[150,158,165],"on":[152,160],"single":[154],"day,":[155],"72%":[156],"half-season,":[162],"61%":[164],"over":[167],"entire":[169],"growing":[170],"season":[171],"(Majority":[172],"Voting).":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
