{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395048748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091476","title":"M-SKSNet: Multi-Scale Spatial Kernel Selection for Image Segmentation of Damaged Road Markings","display_name":"M-SKSNet: Multi-Scale Spatial Kernel Selection for Image Segmentation of Damaged Road Markings","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395048748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1476/pdf?version=1713857437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1476/pdf?version=1713857437","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439183","display_name":"Junwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-9524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758660","display_name":"Xiaohan Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766714","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-6549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004777843","display_name":"Xiangqiang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-1252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangqiang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082805308","display_name":"Xiang Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113750012","display_name":"Huanyin Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanyin Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051100031","display_name":"Wenqiu Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-2494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100758660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.637,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80764798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"1476","last_page":"1476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5272732377052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4805634319782257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4804255962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4601616859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4503520727157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.43004074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.407914400100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3747478127479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.26253727078437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24488338828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.157232403755188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5272732377052307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4805634319782257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4804255962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4601616859436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4503520727157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.43004074692726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.407914400100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3747478127479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.26253727078437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24488338828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.157232403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1476/pdf?version=1713857437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77c7ce4b264d42faa635c8b1fa142bfc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77c7ce4b264d42faa635c8b1fa142bfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 9, p 1476 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16091476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091476","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/9/1476/pdf?version=1713857437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395048748.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057065983","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2559545830","https://openalex.org/W2562137921","https://openalex.org/W2735039185","https://openalex.org/W2767014298","https://openalex.org/W2774839435","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2789621390","https://openalex.org/W2809110088","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2920326761","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2972853216","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3034183426","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3040608330","https://openalex.org/W3086017879","https://openalex.org/W3101825778","https://openalex.org/W3102498159","https://openalex.org/W3103092912","https://openalex.org/W3105636206","https://openalex.org/W3109611338","https://openalex.org/W3115249794","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3186126220","https://openalex.org/W3195300755","https://openalex.org/W3196524340","https://openalex.org/W3206824631","https://openalex.org/W3209573752","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4213444297","https://openalex.org/W4220966182","https://openalex.org/W4292429169","https://openalex.org/W4310717794","https://openalex.org/W4317738608","https://openalex.org/W4360872577","https://openalex.org/W4362559412","https://openalex.org/W4383751665","https://openalex.org/W6664765077","https://openalex.org/W6797399245","https://openalex.org/W6799150744","https://openalex.org/W6848283236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2134699697","https://openalex.org/W3017188156","https://openalex.org/W2322875716","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4385583601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,75,94,146,150],"a":[2,26,34,39,42],"challenging":[3],"task":[4],"to":[5,15,51,121,152],"accurately":[6,130],"segment":[7],"damaged":[8,132],"road":[9,133],"markings":[10,134],"from":[11,135],"images,":[12],"mainly":[13],"due":[14],"their":[16],"fragmented,":[17],"dense,":[18],"small-scale,":[19],"and":[20,41,66,82,98,100,114,144,161],"blurry":[21],"nature.":[22],"This":[23,74],"study":[24],"proposes":[25],"multi-scale":[27],"spatial":[28],"kernel":[29,45],"selection":[30],"net":[31],"named":[32],"M-SKSNet,":[33],"novel":[35],"model":[36,62],"that":[37,104],"integrates":[38],"transformer":[40],"multi-dilated":[43],"large":[44],"convolutional":[46],"neural":[47],"network":[48],"(MLKC)":[49],"block":[50],"address":[52],"these":[53],"issues.":[54],"Through":[55],"integrating":[56],"multiple":[57],"scales":[58],"of":[59,92,127,158],"information,":[60],"the":[61,80,101,107,125],"can":[63],"extract":[64],"high-quality":[65],"semantically":[67],"rich":[68],"features":[69],"while":[70],"generating":[71],"damage-specific":[72],"representations.":[73],"achieved":[76,106],"by":[77,112,117],"leveraging":[78],"both":[79,96,159],"local":[81],"global":[83],"contexts,":[84],"as":[85,87],"well":[86],"self-attention":[88],"mechanisms.":[89],"The":[90],"performance":[91],"M-SKSNet":[93,105,128,149],"evaluated":[95],"quantitatively":[97],"qualitatively,":[99],"results":[102],"show":[103],"highest":[108],"improvement":[109],"in":[110,115,129,137,156],"F1":[111],"3.77%":[113],"IOU":[116],"4.6%,":[118],"when":[119],"compared":[120],"existing":[122,154],"models.":[123],"Additionally,":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"extracting":[131],"images":[136],"various":[138],"complex":[139],"scenarios":[140],"(including":[141],"city":[142],"roads":[143],"highways)":[145],"demonstrated.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"found":[151],"outperform":[153],"alternatives":[155],"terms":[157],"robustness":[160],"accuracy.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T23:28:44.954186","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}