{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395004378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081457","title":"Estimation of Co-Seismic Surface Deformation Induced by 24 September 2019 Mirpur, Pakistan Earthquake along an Active Blind Fault Using Sentinel-1 TOPS Interferometry","display_name":"Estimation of Co-Seismic Surface Deformation Induced by 24 September 2019 Mirpur, Pakistan Earthquake along an Active Blind Fault Using Sentinel-1 TOPS Interferometry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395004378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1457/pdf?version=1713602692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1457/pdf?version=1713602692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003311","display_name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029031588","display_name":"Gilda Schirinzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gilda Schirinzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075355839","display_name":"Zeeshan Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007372539","display_name":"Alessandra Budillon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Budillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062913990","display_name":"Muhammad Saleem Mughal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-1477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146840658","display_name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/015566d55","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146840658"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saleem Mughal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146840658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101591959","display_name":"Sajid Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0736-119X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001895565","display_name":"Giampaolo Ferraioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-0648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giampaolo Ferraioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Universit`a degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Universit`a degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029031588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.0192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90184603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"1457","last_page":"1457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.8291375637054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.7439097762107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.662431001663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.503062903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.47415679693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-fault","display_name":"Active fault","score":0.43805965781211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4059348404407501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.35700732469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07856711745262146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.8291375637054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.7439097762107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.662431001663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.503062903881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.47415679693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26001220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089248","display_name":"Active fault","level":3,"score":0.43805965781211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4059348404407501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.35700732469558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07856711745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154815118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453762","display_name":"Spinning","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1457/pdf?version=1713602692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:040e2a6bc4b24c77a4dd3e136c99a6b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/040e2a6bc4b24c77a4dd3e136c99a6b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 1457 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/131277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/131277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1457/pdf?version=1713602692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395004378.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014516319","https://openalex.org/W2025494752","https://openalex.org/W2048456630","https://openalex.org/W2061776923","https://openalex.org/W2065219340","https://openalex.org/W2065747572","https://openalex.org/W2065872392","https://openalex.org/W2108819938","https://openalex.org/W2112823253","https://openalex.org/W2121365693","https://openalex.org/W2124597257","https://openalex.org/W2135603695","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2159320109","https://openalex.org/W2170743866","https://openalex.org/W2247910335","https://openalex.org/W2360591629","https://openalex.org/W2593386846","https://openalex.org/W2755313299","https://openalex.org/W2788544559","https://openalex.org/W2800745046","https://openalex.org/W2801223153","https://openalex.org/W2883087214","https://openalex.org/W2885995970","https://openalex.org/W2886119120","https://openalex.org/W2916732506","https://openalex.org/W2921680447","https://openalex.org/W2963326039","https://openalex.org/W2972562705","https://openalex.org/W2979417602","https://openalex.org/W2982629646","https://openalex.org/W2994227183","https://openalex.org/W2997551347","https://openalex.org/W2997679153","https://openalex.org/W3000979226","https://openalex.org/W3005345440","https://openalex.org/W3015701565","https://openalex.org/W3026630714","https://openalex.org/W3047079917","https://openalex.org/W3091159870","https://openalex.org/W3095560018","https://openalex.org/W3126174437","https://openalex.org/W3127856670","https://openalex.org/W3141265543","https://openalex.org/W3156805915","https://openalex.org/W3179085258","https://openalex.org/W3183540117","https://openalex.org/W3193802472","https://openalex.org/W4200022204","https://openalex.org/W4200459753","https://openalex.org/W4206714786","https://openalex.org/W4206812703","https://openalex.org/W4213434626","https://openalex.org/W4230551503","https://openalex.org/W4300964738","https://openalex.org/W4313251547","https://openalex.org/W4385647981","https://openalex.org/W4387802937","https://openalex.org/W6671899912","https://openalex.org/W6676974398","https://openalex.org/W6772383548","https://openalex.org/W6772828780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W2067978743","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2043153436","https://openalex.org/W4251921734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"deformation":[1,36,93,142,153],"caused":[2],"by":[3,73],"an":[4,25,39,42,54],"earthquake":[5,40,55,75,97,240,293],"is":[6],"very":[7],"important":[8],"to":[9,38,89,112,129,135,175,269,282],"study":[10,87,113,275],"for":[11,189],"a":[12,77,224],"better":[13],"understanding":[14],"of":[15,18,83,120,205,214,220,223,263,291],"the":[16,34,81,91,137,155,159,194,203,218,221,238,253,270,292],"development":[17],"geological":[19],"structures":[20],"and":[21,59,80,100,140,166,177,184,207,241,257],"seismic":[22],"hazards":[23,284],"in":[24,98,154,167,193,229],"active":[26,43],"tectonic":[27],"area.":[28],"In":[29,158],"this":[30,74,96,232],"study,":[31],"we":[32,251],"estimated":[33],"surface":[35,92,115,287],"due":[37,174,281],"along":[41,266],"blind":[44,227,272,296],"fault":[45,228,233],"using":[46],"Sentinel-1":[47],"SAR":[48,123],"data.":[49],"On":[50],"24":[51,247],"September":[52,248],"2019,":[53],"with":[56,76,95,202,294],"5.6":[57],"Mw":[58,179],"10":[60],"km":[61],"depth":[62],"stroke":[63],"near":[64],"Mirpur,":[65],"Pakistan.":[66],"The":[67,103,211,274],"Mirpur":[68,99],"area":[69,276],"was":[70,110,133,150,164,200,217,235,244],"highly":[71],"affected":[72],"huge":[78],"collapse":[79],"death":[82],"34":[84],"people.":[85],"This":[86],"aims":[88],"estimate":[90],"associated":[94],"adjacent":[101],"areas.":[102],"interferometric":[104],"synthetic":[105],"aperture":[106],"radar":[107],"(InSAR)":[108],"technique":[109],"applied":[111],"earthquake-induced":[114],"motion.":[116],"InSAR":[117],"data":[118],"consisting":[119],"nine":[121],"Sentinel-1A":[122],"images":[124],"from":[125],"11":[126],"August":[127],"2019":[128,132],"22":[130],"October":[131],"used":[134,188],"investigate":[136],"pre-,":[138],"co-":[139],"post-seismic":[141,168],"trends.":[143],"Time":[144],"series":[145],"investigation":[146],"revealed":[147],"that":[148],"there":[149],"no":[151],"significant":[152],"pre-seismic":[156],"time.":[157],"co-seismic":[160],"time,":[161],"strong":[162],"displacement":[163,199],"observed":[165],"results,":[169],"small":[170],"displacements":[171],"were":[172,187],"seen":[173],"4.4":[176],"3.2":[178],"aftershocks.":[180],"Burst":[181],"overlap":[182],"interferometry":[183],"offset-tracking":[185],"analysis":[186],"more":[190],"sensitive":[191],"measurements":[192],"along-track":[195,208],"direction.":[196],"Comprehensive":[197],"3D":[198],"mapped":[201],"combination":[204],"LOS":[206],"offset":[209],"deformation.":[210],"major":[212],"outcome":[213],"our":[215],"results":[216],"confirmation":[219],"existence":[222],"previously":[225],"unpublished":[226],"Mirpur.":[230],"Previously,":[231],"line":[234],"triggered":[236],"during":[237],"2005":[239],"then":[242],"it":[243],"activated":[245,295],"on":[246],"2019.":[249],"Additionally,":[250],"presented":[252],"co-seismically":[254],"induced":[255],"rockslides":[256],"some":[258],"secondary":[259],"faulting":[260],"evidence,":[261],"most":[262],"which":[264],"occurred":[265],"or":[267],"close":[268],"pre-existing":[271],"faults.":[273],"already":[277],"faces":[278],"many":[279],"problems":[280],"natural":[283],"where":[285],"additional":[286],"deformations,":[288],"particularly":[289],"because":[290],"fault,":[297],"have":[298],"increased":[299],"its":[300],"vulnerability.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-22T23:29:09.771500","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
