{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394914544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081441","title":"A Real-Time Method for Railway Track Detection and 3D Fitting Based on Camera and LiDAR Fusion Sensing","display_name":"A Real-Time Method for Railway Track Detection and 3D Fitting Based on Camera and LiDAR Fusion Sensing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394914544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1441/pdf?version=1713446668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1441/pdf?version=1713446668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088072081","display_name":"T. S. Y. Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7047-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiejian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020469007","display_name":"Jinghao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-4553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000000216","display_name":"Xiong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-6957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069604670","display_name":"Sheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102006466","display_name":"Dongsheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4033-8194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099297","display_name":"Jilian Technology Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/016q5ce10","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099297"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gosuncn Chuanglian Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China","Gosuncn Chuanglian Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gosuncn Chuanglian Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gosuncn Chuanglian Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099297"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016539834","display_name":"Sidan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-3765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064835080","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-4076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","Suzhou High Technology Research Institute, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215000, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou High Technology Research Institute, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064835080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.9613,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90872226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"1441","last_page":"1441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9319000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7213442325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.7039572596549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6375428438186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.566559374332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4490986466407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3854180574417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34971141815185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2987426519393921}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7213442325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.7039572596549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6375428438186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.566559374332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4490986466407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3854180574417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34971141815185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2987426519393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1441/pdf?version=1713446668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5377b67af27a4fc698986a920acf8bf2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5377b67af27a4fc698986a920acf8bf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 1441 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs16081441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081441","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1441/pdf?version=1713446668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394914544.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571475274","https://openalex.org/W1990398405","https://openalex.org/W1995957864","https://openalex.org/W2041576219","https://openalex.org/W2065707246","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2091622218","https://openalex.org/W2126516862","https://openalex.org/W2136823933","https://openalex.org/W2145395493","https://openalex.org/W2165035808","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2424637586","https://openalex.org/W2512597962","https://openalex.org/W2762436084","https://openalex.org/W2891529090","https://openalex.org/W2901115683","https://openalex.org/W2903168818","https://openalex.org/W2904757855","https://openalex.org/W2965166097","https://openalex.org/W2971091297","https://openalex.org/W2977371410","https://openalex.org/W3047478335","https://openalex.org/W3089488668","https://openalex.org/W3158842357","https://openalex.org/W3169060769","https://openalex.org/W3176453289","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W3209330006","https://openalex.org/W4206050856","https://openalex.org/W4211154234","https://openalex.org/W4285038858","https://openalex.org/W4328050733","https://openalex.org/W4379983314","https://openalex.org/W4385489562","https://openalex.org/W4387385593","https://openalex.org/W6852925672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Railway":[0],"track":[1,31,78,95,126,128,133,170,212],"detection,":[2],"which":[3],"is":[4,99,117],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,29,76,127,140,168,209],"train":[7],"operational":[8],"safety,":[9],"faces":[10],"numerous":[11],"challenges":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"the":[15,23,39,48,51,63,93,97,110,120,124,155,162,191,199],"curved":[16],"track,":[17],"obstacle":[18],"occlusion,":[19],"and":[20,80,86,130,172,179,187,206,214],"vibrations":[21],"during":[22,154],"train\u2019s":[24,156],"operation.":[25,157],"Most":[26],"existing":[27,181],"methods":[28],"railway":[30,77,94,112,125,132,169,211],"detection":[32,79,171,213],"use":[33],"a":[34,73],"camera":[35,85,205],"or":[36],"LiDAR.":[37,67],"However,":[38],"vision-based":[40],"approach":[41,53,197],"lacks":[42],"essential":[43],"3D":[44,81,107,115,173,215],"environmental":[45],"information":[46,108],"about":[47],"train,":[49],"while":[50],"LiDAR-based":[52],"tends":[54],"to":[55,62,105,119,146,203],"detect":[56],"tracks":[57],"of":[58,66,92,109,123,193],"insufficient":[59],"length":[60],"due":[61],"inherent":[64],"limitations":[65],"In":[68],"this":[69],"study,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"real-time":[74,210],"method":[75,164],"fitting":[82,116,174],"based":[83,183],"on":[84,184],"LiDAR":[87,131,207],"fusion":[88],"sensing.":[89],"Semantic":[90],"segmentation":[91],"in":[96,151],"image":[98],"performed,":[100],"followed":[101],"by":[102],"inverse":[103,121,141],"projection":[104,122,142],"obtain":[106],"distant":[111],"track.":[113],"Then,":[114],"applied":[118],"vectorization":[129],"point":[134],"segmentation.":[135],"The":[136],"extrinsic":[137,152],"parameters":[138,153],"necessary":[139],"are":[143],"continuously":[144],"optimized":[145],"ensure":[147],"robustness":[148],"against":[149],"variations":[150],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"proposed":[163],"achieves":[165],"desirable":[166],"accuracy":[167],"with":[175],"acceptable":[176],"computational":[177],"efficiency,":[178],"outperforms":[180],"approaches":[182],"LiDAR,":[185],"camera,":[186],"camera\u2013LiDAR":[188],"fusion.":[189],"To":[190],"best":[192],"our":[194,196],"knowledge,":[195],"represents":[198],"first":[200],"successful":[201],"attempt":[202],"fuse":[204],"data":[208],"fitting.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
